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WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
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Canna indica L.

Accepted
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
Canna indica L.
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Canna indica L.
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymCanna achiras Gillies ex D.Don
synonymCanna altensteinii Bouché
synonymCanna amabilis T.Koyama & Nob.Tanaka
synonymCanna ascendens Ciciar.
synonymCanna atronigricans André
synonymCanna aurantiaca Roscoe
synonymCanna aurantiaca splendida Année ex André
synonymCanna aureovittata G.Lodd.
synonymCanna aureovittata Lodd.
synonymCanna barbadica Bouché [Invalid]
synonymCanna barbadica Bouché, nom. nud.
synonymCanna bidentata Bertol.
synonymCanna bifida Roem. & Schult.
synonymCanna brasiliensis Roscoe ex Spreng.
synonymCanna caledonis-peltata Chaté
synonymCanna carnea Roscoe
synonymCanna cearensis Huber
synonymCanna chinensis Willd. [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna chinensis Willd., nom. superfl.
synonymCanna cinnabarina Bouché
synonymCanna coccinea f. flaviflora Chodat & Hassl.
synonymCanna coccinea Mill.
synonymCanna coccinea var. bicolor Kraenzl.
synonymCanna coccinea var. concolor Regel
synonymCanna coccinea var. floribunda (Bouché) Regel
synonymCanna coccinea var. limbata Regel
synonymCanna commutata Bouché
synonymCanna compacta Roscoe
synonymCanna concinna Bouché
synonymCanna crocea Roem. & Schult.
synonymCanna densiflora Bouché
synonymCanna densifolia Bouché
synonymCanna denudata var. grandis Petersen
synonymCanna discolor Lindl.
synonymCanna discolor var. rubripunctata Nob.Tanaka
synonymCanna discolor var. viridifolia Nob.Tanaka
synonymCanna edulis Ker Gawl.
synonymCanna ehrenbergii Bouché
synonymCanna elegans Raf. [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna elegans Raf., nom. superfl.
synonymCanna ellipticifolia Stokes [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna ellipticifolia Stokes, nom. superfl.
synonymCanna ellipticifolia var. coccinea (Mill.) Stokes
synonymCanna ellipticifolia var. lutea (Mill.) Stokes
synonymCanna ellipticifolia var. patens (Aiton) Stokes
synonymCanna ellipticifolia var. rubra Stokes
synonymCanna esculenta Loudon [Invalid]
synonymCanna esculenta Loudon, nom. inval.
synonymCanna exigua Bouché
synonymCanna eximia Bouché ex Horan.
synonymCanna expansa Année ex André
synonymCanna flavescens Link
synonymCanna floribunda Bouché
synonymCanna formosa Bouché
synonymCanna fuchsina Ciciar.
synonymCanna fulgida Bouché
synonymCanna gaboniensis Chaté
synonymCanna heliconiifolia Bouché
synonymCanna heliconiifolia var. xalapensis (Bouché) Kraenzl.
synonymCanna houlletii André
synonymCanna humilis Bouché
synonymCanna indica f. rubroaurantiaca Makino
synonymCanna indica subsp. orientalis Baker
synonymCanna indica var. coccinea (Mill.) Aiton
synonymCanna indica var. edwardsii Regel
synonymCanna indica var. flava (Roscoe) Baker
synonymCanna indica var. indica
synonymCanna indica var. karsteniana Regel
synonymCanna indica var. limbata (Regel) Petersen
synonymCanna indica var. lutea (Mill.) Aiton
synonymCanna indica var. maculata Hook.
synonymCanna indica var. nepalensis (Bouché) Baker
synonymCanna indica var. orientalis Baker, nom. superfl.
synonymCanna indica var. patens Aiton
synonymCanna indica var. rubra Aiton
synonymCanna indica var. sanctae-rosae (Kraenzl.) Nob.Tanaka
synonymCanna indica var. saturaterubra Regel
synonymCanna indica var. speciosa Baker, nom. superfl.
synonymCanna indica var. variegata Regel
synonymCanna indica var. warszewiczii Nob.Tanaka
synonymCanna juncea Retz.
synonymCanna laeta Bouché
synonymCanna lagunensis Lindl.
synonymCanna lambertii Lindl. ex Ker Gawl.
synonymCanna lanuginosa Roscoe
synonymCanna lavallei André
synonymCanna leptochila Bouché
synonymCanna liervalii André
synonymCanna limbata Roscoe [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna limbata Roscoe, nom. superfl.
synonymCanna limbata var. hybrida Année ex André
synonymCanna lutea Larrañaga, nom. illeg.
synonymCanna lutea Mill.
synonymCanna lutea var. aurantiaca (Roscoe) Regel
synonymCanna lutea var. genuina Kraenzl., nom. inval.
synonymCanna lutea var. maculata (Hook.) Regel
synonymCanna lutea var. pallida (Roscoe) Regel
synonymCanna macrophylla Horan.
synonymCanna maculata (Hook.) Link
synonymCanna maxima Lodd. ex Roscoe [Invalid]
synonymCanna maxima Lodd. ex Roscoe, nom. inval.
synonymCanna montana Blume
synonymCanna moritziana Bouché
synonymCanna musifolia Année ex Chaté
synonymCanna musifolia sanguinea Hend. & Andr.Hend.
synonymCanna musifolia-edulis André
synonymCanna musifolia-hybrida Année ex André
synonymCanna nepalensis Bouché
synonymCanna occidentalis Ker Gawl.
synonymCanna orientalis Bouché [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna orientalis Bouché, nom. illeg.
synonymCanna orientalis Roscoe, nom. superfl.
synonymCanna orientalis var. flava Roscoe
synonymCanna orientalis var. flavescens (Link) Baker, nom. superfl.
synonymCanna pallida Roscoe
synonymCanna pallida var. maculata (Hook.) Roscoe
synonymCanna patens (Aiton) Roscoe
synonymCanna patens var. limbata (Regel) Baker
synonymCanna pentaphylla D.Dietr. [Spelling variant]
synonymCanna pentaphylla D.Dietr., orth. var.
synonymCanna peruviana Année ex André
synonymCanna peruviana-purpurea Année ex Chaté
synonymCanna peruviana-robusta Année ex Chaté
synonymCanna peruviana-spectabilis Année ex Chaté
synonymCanna platyphylla Nees & Mart.
synonymCanna plurituberosa T.Koyama & Nob.Tanaka
synonymCanna poeppigii Bouché
synonymCanna polyclada Wawra
synonymCanna polymorpha Bouché
synonymCanna porteana André
synonymCanna portoricensis Bouché
synonymCanna pruinosa Hoffmanns.
synonymCanna pulchra Bouché ex Horan.
synonymCanna pulchra Hassk.
synonymCanna purpurea-spectabilis Rob.
synonymCanna recurvata Bouché
synonymCanna robusta Année ex André
synonymCanna roscoeana Bouché [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna roscoeana Bouché, nom. superfl.
synonymCanna rotundifolia André
synonymCanna rubra Willd. [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna rubra Willd., nom. superfl.
synonymCanna rubricaulis Link
synonymCanna sanctae-rosae Kraenzl.
synonymCanna sanguinea Bouché [Invalid]
synonymCanna sanguinea Bouché, pro syn.
synonymCanna sanguinea Warsz. ex Otto & A.Dietr.
synonymCanna saturate-rubra Bouché ex K.Koch
synonymCanna schubertii Horan.
synonymCanna seleriana Kraenzl.
synonymCanna sellowii Bouché
synonymCanna speciosa Hegetschw, nom. superfl.
synonymCanna speciosa Roscoe ex Sims [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna speciosa Roscoe ex Sims, nom. illeg.
synonymCanna spectabilis Bouché
synonymCanna sulphurea Bouché [Invalid]
synonymCanna sulphurea Bouché, pro syn.
synonymCanna surinamensis Bouché
synonymCanna tenuiflora Bouché ex A.Dietr.
synonymCanna texensis Regel
synonymCanna textoria Noronha [Invalid]
synonymCanna textoria Noronha, nom. nud.
synonymCanna thyrsiflora Hegetschw. [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna thyrsiflora Hegetschw., nom. superfl.
synonymCanna tinei Tod. [Invalid]
synonymCanna tinei Tod., nom. subnud.
synonymCanna van-houttei Lierv. ex André
synonymCanna variabilis Willd. [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna variabilis Willd., nom. superfl.
synonymCanna variegata Besser
synonymCanna variegata Bouché, nom. illeg.
synonymCanna variegatifolia Ciciar.
synonymCanna ventricosa Bouché
synonymCanna warszewiczii A.Dietr. [Illegitimate]
synonymCanna warszewiczii A.Dietr., nom. superfl.
synonymCanna warszewiczii var. flameus Ram.Goyena
synonymCanna xalapensis Bouché
synonymCanna zebrina Année ex André
synonymCanna zebrina nana André
synonymCannacorus indicus (L.) Medik.
synonymCannacorus ovatus Moench [Illegitimate]
synonymCannacorus ovatus Moench, nom. superfl.
synonymDistemon brasiliensis (Roscoe ex Spreng.) Bouché
synonymDistemon grandis Horan. [Illegitimate]
synonymDistemon grandis Horan., nom. superfl.
synonymXyphostylis lutea (Mill.) Raf.
🗒 Common Names
Creoles and pidgins; French-based
  • Safran marron, Sissive, Tous-les-mois, Conflore, Conflore marron
English
  • Indian shot, Canna, Garden canna, Wild canna
French
  • Canna, Balisier comestible
Other
  • Sary tamotamo, Sary tamotamo mena (Kibushi, Mayotte)
  • Tuinkanna, Indiese kanna (Afrikaans, South Africa)
  • Udumbedumbe (isiZulu, South Africa)
📚 Overview
Overview
Brief

Code

CNNIN

Growth form

geophyte

Biological cycle

vivacious

Habitat

terrestrial

Wiktrop
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Lovena Nowbut
Status UNDER_CREATION
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References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Global description
     
    Canna indica is an erect vivacious rhizomatous glabrous herb, 1 m to 1.80 m high. The leaves are alternate, simple, with a sheathed base, large size, blade oval to elliptic, pointed at the tip, pinnately veined. The inflorescence is a branched cluster with large flowers, yellow to red in color. The fruit is a thorny ovoid capsule containing numerous subspherical seeds of color black.
     
    General habitat
     
    Erect vivacious rhizomatous plant, with large leaves, completely smooth, from 1 m to 1.80 m high.
     
    Underground system
     
    The underground system is a rhizome.

    Stem

    The stem is simple, cylindrical, fleshy and totally glabrous.
     
    Leaf
     
    The leaves are alternate, simple, with a sheathed base. The leaf blade is large, up to 60 cm long and 25 cm wide. It is oval to elliptical, slightly asymmetrical, with a rounded to cuneiform base, sharp to tapering pointed at the tip and covered with a pinnate venation.
     
    Inflorescence
     
    The inflorescence is a cluster, simple at first, then branched by development of successive branches. The flowers are isolated or arranged in pairs.
     
    Flower
     
    The flowers are dark red to yellow in color. The stalk is short. The bract is obovate, 0.9 to 2 cm long. The sepals are oval, acute at the end, 1.2 to 1.5 cm long and 0.5 to 0.9 cm wide. The petals are narrowly elliptical acute (4 to 5 cm long and 0.4 to 0.7 cm wide), fused at about 1 cm. The labellum (4 to 5 cm long and 1 cm wide) is narrowly oblong, notched at the end. Its base is yellow with patches of red, with half of the terminal completely red. The stamens are 4 to 5 cm long with the anthers measuring 7 to 10 mm. The style, 4 to 5 mm long, is yellow or red in color.
     
    Fruit
     
    The fruit is a thorny ovoid capsule, 2 to 3 cm long, containing many seeds, which detaches at maturity and opens longitudinally.
     
    Seed
     
    The seed is subspherical, 5 mm in diameter, black in color.
     
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      No Data
      📚 Natural History
      Life Cycle

      Life cycle

      Vivacious
      Vivacious

      Mayotte : Canna indica flowers and fruits all the year round.

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      Status UNDER_CREATION
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        Reproduction
        C. indica multiplies by vegetative spread.
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          Morphology

          Growth form

          Erected
          Erected

          Leaf arrangement

          Alternate
          Alternate

          Leaf type

          Simple
          Simple

          Type of prefoliation

          Leaf ratio medium
          Leaf ratio medium

          Latex

          Without latex
          Without latex

          Stem section

          Flat section
          Flat section

          Root type

          Rhizome tuberised
          Rhizome tuberised

          Hollow or solid stem

          Solid stem
          Solid stem

          Stipule type

          No stipule
          No stipule

          Leaf attachment type

          sessile
          sessile
          with petiole
          with petiole
          with united sheathing lobes
          with united sheathing lobes
          Sheathing leaf
          Sheathing leaf

          Fruit type

          Capsule
          Capsule

          Lamina base

          rounded
          rounded
          acute
          acute
          truncate
          truncate
          attenuate
          attenuate
          cordate
          cordate

          Lamina margin

          entire
          entire

          Lamina apex

          acute
          acute

          Upperface pilosity

          Glabrous
          Glabrous

          Lowerface pilosity

          Glabrous
          Glabrous

          Simple leaf type

          Lamina elliptic
          Lamina elliptic

          Lamina section

          curved
          curved

          Lamina Veination

          Curved and united with the vein above
          Curved and united with the vein above
          pennate
          pennate

          Flower color

          Yellow
          Yellow
          Red flowers
          Red flowers
          Orange
          Orange

          Inflorescence type

          Raceme with alternate sessile flowers
          Raceme with alternate sessile flowers

          Stem pilosity

          Glabrous
          Glabrous

          Life form

          Broadleaf plant
          Broadleaf plant
          Geophytic plant
          Geophytic plant
          Look Alikes
          C. indica can be confused with C. x generalis. C. x generalis has pale yellow flowers.
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          Status UNDER_CREATION
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          References 
            Ecology

            Comoros: ruderal species observed in agroforestry plots of banana, taro and in young fallow of vegetable gardening. It grows at low and medium altitude on sandy clayey soil.
            Mayotte: C. indica is cultivated in gardens for its flowers. It is also widely naturalized in degraded wetlands. It grows in the urban ditches, along roadsides, the edges of water courses.
            Reunion: common ruderal species on roadside and bordering of plots.

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              No Data
              📚 Habitat and Distribution
              Description

              Geographical distibution

              Madagascar
              Madagascar
              Reunion Island
              Reunion Island
              Comoros
              Comoros
              Mauritius
              Mauritius
              Seychelles
              Seychelles

              Origin

              Canna indica is native to tropical America.

              Worldwide distribution

              Species now widely naturalized in all tropical regions with humid climate and introduced in the south and west of Europe (Spain, Portugal, France)

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                No Data
                📚 Occurrence
                No Data
                📚 Demography and Conservation
                Risk Statement

                Local harmfulness

                Comoros: A weed rare in crops.
                South Africa: Canna indica forms dense, spreading clumps and competes with and replaces native species.

                Wiktrop
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                  No Data
                  📚 Uses and Management
                  Uses
                  Ornamantal: Canna Indica is a species widely used as ornamental plants in gardens and towns.
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                  Status UNDER_CREATION
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                    Management

                    Local Fight

                    Comoros:  Manual weeding 
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                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      No Data
                      📚 Information Listing
                      References
                      1. Bosser, J., Fergusson, I.K., Soopramanien, C. Mult. an. Flore des Mascareignes. La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues. MSIRI, IRD, Kew.
                      1. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=640&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=FR
                      1. HEAR http://www.hear.org/pier/species/canna_indica.htm
                      2. Invasives South Africa https://invasives.org.za/fact-sheet/indian-shot/
                      1. (A revised list of alien plants for the Kruger National Park.Koedoe) Foxcroft, L.C., Henderson, L., Nichols, G.R., Martin, B.W.
                      2. (A Field Guide to Wild Flowers Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Region) Pooley, E. Published by The flora publications Trust c/o Natal Herbarium botanic Gardens Road, Durban 4001.
                      3. Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
                      4. (Problem plants of South Africa) Bromilow, C. (2001), Published by Briza Plublications CC
                      5. Le Bourgeois, T., P. Grard, L. C. Foxcroft, D. Thompson, A. Carrara, A. Guézou, R. W. Taylor and T. Marshall (2013). Pl@ntInvasive-Kruger V.1.0 : Alien plants of the Kruger National Park. Cdrom. Montpellier, France, Skukuza, South Africa, Cirad-SANparks-SAEON eds.
                      Information Listing > References
                      1. Bosser, J., Fergusson, I.K., Soopramanien, C. Mult. an. Flore des Mascareignes. La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues. MSIRI, IRD, Kew.
                      2. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=640&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=FR
                      3. HEAR http://www.hear.org/pier/species/canna_indica.htm
                      4. Invasives South Africa https://invasives.org.za/fact-sheet/indian-shot/
                      5. (A revised list of alien plants for the Kruger National Park.Koedoe) Foxcroft, L.C., Henderson, L., Nichols, G.R., Martin, B.W.
                      6. (A Field Guide to Wild Flowers Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Region) Pooley, E. Published by The flora publications Trust c/o Natal Herbarium botanic Gardens Road, Durban 4001.
                      7. Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
                      8. (Problem plants of South Africa) Bromilow, C. (2001), Published by Briza Plublications CC
                      9. Le Bourgeois, T., P. Grard, L. C. Foxcroft, D. Thompson, A. Carrara, A. Guézou, R. W. Taylor and T. Marshall (2013). Pl@ntInvasive-Kruger V.1.0 : Alien plants of the Kruger National Park. Cdrom. Montpellier, France, Skukuza, South Africa, Cirad-SANparks-SAEON eds.

                      La flore des mauvaises herbes de la Canne à Sucre à La Réunion. Caractérisation à partir des témoins des essais d’herbicides. 2005-2016

                      Marnotte Pascal

                      Caractérisation des communautés adventices des vergers d’agrumes de la Réunion et détermination d’espèces favorables à la mise en place de la lutte biologique par conservation

                      Thomas Le Bourgeois

                      Effet de l’époque de coupe de la canne à sucre sur l’enherbement et le cycle biologique des adventices - A La Réunion -

                      Thomas Le Bourgeois
                      Images
                      Thomas Le Bourgeois
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                      Contributors 
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                        No Data
                        🐾 Taxonomy
                        RootRoot
                        KingdomPlantae
                        PhylumTracheophyta
                        ClassLiliopsida
                        OrderZingiberales
                        FamilyCannaceae
                        GenusCanna
                        SpeciesCanna indica L.
                        📊 Temporal Distribution
                        📷 Related Observations
                        👥 Groups
                        WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areasWIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
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