Code
DIHAN
Growth form
grass
Biological cycle
vivacious
Habitat
terrestrial
DIHAN
Growth form
grass
Biological cycle
vivacious
Habitat
terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Andropogon annulatus Forssk. |
| synonym | Andropogon nodosus Nash, nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Gymnandropogon annulatus (Forssk.) Duthie |
| synonym | Lepeocercis annulata (Forssk.) Nees |
| synonym | Sorghum annulatum (Forssk.) Kuntze |
🗒 Common Names
| Malagasy |
|
📚 Overview
Description
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Global description
Dichanthium annulatum is a vivacious tufted grass in dense clumps, sometimes prostrate on the ground, with the thatch erect or geniculate at the base, 20 cm to almost 1 m high. The leaves are simple, alternate, with narrow, linear blade, 4 to 20 cm long and 2 to 5 mm wide, flat; glabrous or loosely hairy. The inflorescence is terminal on the thatch and their ramifications, composed of 2 to 5 digitate racemes, 2 to 5 cm long.
General habit
Dichanthium annulatum is a vivacious tufted grass, in dense clumps, sometimes prostrate on the ground, with thatch erect or geniculate at the base, 20 cm to almost 1 m high.
Underground system
Fibrous roots
Culm
The culm is erect or geniculate at the base, 20 to over 60 cm long, with densely hairy to hirsute nodes.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, alternate, with narrow linear blade, 4 to 20 cm long and 2 to 5 mm wide, flat; glabrous or loosely hairy; ligule is represented by a short, truncated membrane, ciliated at the top, about 1 mm long.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is terminal and consists of 2 to 5 digitate or sub-digitate racemes (or more), 2 to 5 cm long, with short and glabrous peduncle. The articles of the axis of the raceme and pedicels are slender, slightly flattened, extensively ciliate on the edges and significantly shorter than the sessile spikelet.
Spikelet
Each section of the raceme includes two kinds of spikelets:
Grain
Oblong to obovoid grain, more or less compressed dorsally, about 2 mm long.
Dichanthium annulatum is a vivacious tufted grass in dense clumps, sometimes prostrate on the ground, with the thatch erect or geniculate at the base, 20 cm to almost 1 m high. The leaves are simple, alternate, with narrow, linear blade, 4 to 20 cm long and 2 to 5 mm wide, flat; glabrous or loosely hairy. The inflorescence is terminal on the thatch and their ramifications, composed of 2 to 5 digitate racemes, 2 to 5 cm long.
General habit
Dichanthium annulatum is a vivacious tufted grass, in dense clumps, sometimes prostrate on the ground, with thatch erect or geniculate at the base, 20 cm to almost 1 m high.
Underground system
Fibrous roots
Culm
The culm is erect or geniculate at the base, 20 to over 60 cm long, with densely hairy to hirsute nodes.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, alternate, with narrow linear blade, 4 to 20 cm long and 2 to 5 mm wide, flat; glabrous or loosely hairy; ligule is represented by a short, truncated membrane, ciliated at the top, about 1 mm long.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is terminal and consists of 2 to 5 digitate or sub-digitate racemes (or more), 2 to 5 cm long, with short and glabrous peduncle. The articles of the axis of the raceme and pedicels are slender, slightly flattened, extensively ciliate on the edges and significantly shorter than the sessile spikelet.
Spikelet
Each section of the raceme includes two kinds of spikelets:
- Sessile spikelets are oblong, rounded and obtuse at the top, very flattened dorsally, 3 to 4 mm long and do not exceed 1.5 mm wide; with lower glume hairy at the base on the back and towards the top along the margins, bi-keeled and scabrous on the top, 5-9-veined; with upper glume truncated at the top, rounded keel on the back, trinervate. Lemma of fertile flower is linear and extended by a geniculate, brown, ridge, 13 to 20 mm long;
- The pedicellate spikelets morphologically resemble sessile spikelets, but muticous, with slightly larger lower glume, 11-13-veined, hairy on the back and longer hair towards the margins.
Grain
Oblong to obovoid grain, more or less compressed dorsally, about 2 mm long.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
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Madagascar: Flowering of Dichanthium annulatum occurs mainly towards the end of the rainy season until July.
Mayotte: Dichanthium annulatum flowers from Novembre to MArch and fruits from December to April.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Cyclicity
Dichanthium annulatum is a vivacious herb that multiplies mainly by seeds and sometimes vegetatively. The seeds that remain in the articles are spread by wind and animals; the stem fragments during soil preparation can produce seedlings from the nodes.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Morphology
Growth form
Tuft plant with narrow leaves
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Grass or grass-like
Grass-like leaf type
Grass leaf
Type of prefoliation
Rolled leaf
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Round
Root type
Fibrous roots
Hollow or solid stem
Hollow stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
with graminate sheathing and hair
Fruit type
Grain of grasses
Achene
Lamina base
sheathing grass-like broader
Lamina margin
entire
Lamina apex
attenuate
Upperface pilosity
Glabrous
Less hairy
Upperface hair type
Long
Lowerface pilosity
Glabrous
Simple leaf type
Lamina linear
Lamina section
flat
Lamina Veination
Parallel
Flower color
Green
Inflorescence type
Digitate racemes
Stem pilosity
Glabrous
Life form
Grass
Ecology
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Madagascar: Dichanthium annulatum grows on clay alluvial soils, more or less clayey soil of basaltic or vertisols origin in fertile depressions in sunny places. It is a weed of flood recession farming in semi-intensive or extensive farming system, fallow and pasture in alluvial plains, edges of cultures and canals, disrupted places of temporarily flooded plains with heavy clay soils at low altitude, in alluvial plains and depressions with clayey soils in the Northwest and North.
Mayotte: Dichanthium annulatum is a cryptogenic species, common in a wide range of environments. It is found in disturbed areas such as crops, pastures, gardens, embankments, villages, padzas, or xerophilous coastal savannahs.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Origin
Dichanthium annulatum is native to Africa, Asia and Papua New Guinea.
Worldwide distribution
Dichanthium annulatum is a globally distributed species: Central and South America, Southern USA, North Africa, Middle East and South Asia, tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, India and Pakistan, China, Indonesia, Australia and islands Pacific.
Dichanthium annulatum is native to Africa, Asia and Papua New Guinea.
Worldwide distribution
Dichanthium annulatum is a globally distributed species: Central and South America, Southern USA, North Africa, Middle East and South Asia, tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, India and Pakistan, China, Indonesia, Australia and islands Pacific.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
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Local harmfulness
Madagascar: Dichanthium annulatum is a relatively recent weed of Madagascar and infrequent but often abundant when present. It is a fast-growing species that occurs as more or less extended stands in humid areas with heavy clayey soils, where cultivation is difficult and inefficient. It is locally abundant and characteristic of subsidence crops of alluvial plains with clayey soils and rainfed crops of depressions with the clay soil on marl or basaltic origins of Northwest.
Madagascar: Dichanthium annulatum is a relatively recent weed of Madagascar and infrequent but often abundant when present. It is a fast-growing species that occurs as more or less extended stands in humid areas with heavy clayey soils, where cultivation is difficult and inefficient. It is locally abundant and characteristic of subsidence crops of alluvial plains with clayey soils and rainfed crops of depressions with the clay soil on marl or basaltic origins of Northwest.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Agricultural: Dichanthium annulatum is a good quality fodder that can withstand temporary flooding or drought. At Madagascar, the stands of this species can be exploited as pasture in the shallows with heavy soils.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Management
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Local control
Madagascar: In farming regions, this species is controlled by manual weeding with angady in flood recession crop systems of maize, cowpea or cotton (Northwest); irrigated sugar cane in the North.
Madagascar: In farming regions, this species is controlled by manual weeding with angady in flood recession crop systems of maize, cowpea or cotton (Northwest); irrigated sugar cane in the North.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
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Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
References
- MOODY K., 1989 –Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI, Los Banös Philippines, 442 p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:398528-1
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- BOSSER J. 1969 – GRAMINEES DES PATURAGES ET DES CULTURES A MADAGASCAR. Mémoire ORSTOM n° 35, ORSTOM Paris, p. 237-239.
Information Listing > References
- MOODY K., 1989 –Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI, Los Banös Philippines, 442 p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:398528-1
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- BOSSER J. 1969 – GRAMINEES DES PATURAGES ET DES CULTURES A MADAGASCAR. Mémoire ORSTOM n° 35, ORSTOM Paris, p. 237-239.
Images
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Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Dichanthium%2520annulatum
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Liliopsida |
| Order | Poales |
| Family | Poaceae |
| Genus | Dichanthium |
| Species | Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
