Code
PHYAN
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
PHYAN
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Boberella angulata (L.) E. H. L. Krause |
| synonym | Boberella angulata (L.) E.H.L.Krause |
| synonym | Physalis angulata var. capsicifolia (Dun.) Griseb. |
| synonym | Physalis angulata var. linkiana (Nees) A.Gray |
| synonym | Physalis angulata var. pendula (Rydb.) Waterf. |
| synonym | Physalis angulata var. ramosissima (Mill.) O.E.Schulz |
| synonym | Physalis arenaria Hort. ex Nees |
| synonym | Physalis capsicifolia Dun. |
| synonym | Physalis capsicifolia Dunal |
| synonym | Physalis capsicoides Bitter |
| synonym | Physalis dubia Link |
| synonym | Physalis esquirolii H. Léveillé & Vaniot |
| synonym | Physalis esquirolii H. Lév. & Vaniot |
| synonym | Physalis flexuosa Russ. ex Wall. |
| synonym | Physalis hermannii Dun. |
| synonym | Physalis lanceifolia Nees |
| synonym | Physalis linkiana Nees |
| synonym | Physalis pendula Rydb. |
| synonym | Physalis pruinosa Ell. |
| synonym | Physalis ramosissima Mill. |
| synonym | Physalis ramosissima Mill. ex Dun. |
🗒 Common Names
| Anglais / English |
|
| Creoles and pidgins; French-based |
|
| Malagasy |
|
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Physalis angulata is an erect plant, glabrous, with simple, alternate leaves, with long stalk. The lamina is oval, apiculate at apex, attenuate base and with sinuous serrated margin. The flowers are solitary and campanulate. The fruit is a berry included in the calyx turned into pending vesicle. Seeds are lenticular.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are oval lanceolate. They are held by a pubescent petiole, 8 to 12 mm long. The leaf blade is glabrous, finely hairy on the margin, 6 mm long and 4 mm wide.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple and alternate. They are long-stalked. The lamina is oval to lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm long and 10 to 15 mm wide. The margin is sinuous to irregularly serrated. Both sides are glabrous with conspicuous ribs.
General habit
The plant is erect. It forms a small bush, abundantly branched, which can reach 90 cm high.
Underground system
The plant has a taproot system.
Stem
The stem is hollow and polygonal. It is totally glabrous.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are carried by petiole, 3 to 5 cm long. The lamina is oval to elliptical, apiculate at the apex and bottom attenuated in sharp corner. It is 7 to 12 cm long and 3 to 6 cm wide. The margin is sinuous and irregularly serrated, provided some short, white hairs. The leaf blade is marked with 4 to 6 pairs of pinnate venations. Both sides are glabrous, although some short white hairs are present along the veins of the lower face.
Inflorescence
The flowers are solitary and axillary, located at the intersection of the branches of the plant.
Flower
The flowers are supported by a glabrous peduncle, 7 to 10 mm long. The calyx, 3mm long, is composed of 5 sepals fused at the section of the base and ending in 5 triangular tines. Campanulate corolla, consisting of 5 fused petals. It is 7 to 8 mm large and creamy white with a purple spot at the base of the petals. 5 stamens are inserted into the corolla tube alternating with petals. The ovary has 2 loculus with many ovules.
Fruit
The fruit is a berry, 8 to 10 mm in diameter, yellow at maturity and containing many seeds. This berry is included in the calyx, which is turned into an obconical vesicle, pending, 2 cm wide and 2 to 3 cm long. This vesicle is first green and then turns brown and dries at maturity. It is traversed by 8 or 9 longitudinal ribs, connected by a network of thin ribs.
Seed
The seeds are flat and lenticular, with a diameter of 1 mm. The seed coat is orange and finely pitted.
Physalis angulata is an erect plant, glabrous, with simple, alternate leaves, with long stalk. The lamina is oval, apiculate at apex, attenuate base and with sinuous serrated margin. The flowers are solitary and campanulate. The fruit is a berry included in the calyx turned into pending vesicle. Seeds are lenticular.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are oval lanceolate. They are held by a pubescent petiole, 8 to 12 mm long. The leaf blade is glabrous, finely hairy on the margin, 6 mm long and 4 mm wide.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple and alternate. They are long-stalked. The lamina is oval to lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm long and 10 to 15 mm wide. The margin is sinuous to irregularly serrated. Both sides are glabrous with conspicuous ribs.
General habit
The plant is erect. It forms a small bush, abundantly branched, which can reach 90 cm high.
Underground system
The plant has a taproot system.
Stem
The stem is hollow and polygonal. It is totally glabrous.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are carried by petiole, 3 to 5 cm long. The lamina is oval to elliptical, apiculate at the apex and bottom attenuated in sharp corner. It is 7 to 12 cm long and 3 to 6 cm wide. The margin is sinuous and irregularly serrated, provided some short, white hairs. The leaf blade is marked with 4 to 6 pairs of pinnate venations. Both sides are glabrous, although some short white hairs are present along the veins of the lower face.
Inflorescence
The flowers are solitary and axillary, located at the intersection of the branches of the plant.
Flower
The flowers are supported by a glabrous peduncle, 7 to 10 mm long. The calyx, 3mm long, is composed of 5 sepals fused at the section of the base and ending in 5 triangular tines. Campanulate corolla, consisting of 5 fused petals. It is 7 to 8 mm large and creamy white with a purple spot at the base of the petals. 5 stamens are inserted into the corolla tube alternating with petals. The ovary has 2 loculus with many ovules.
Fruit
The fruit is a berry, 8 to 10 mm in diameter, yellow at maturity and containing many seeds. This berry is included in the calyx, which is turned into an obconical vesicle, pending, 2 cm wide and 2 to 3 cm long. This vesicle is first green and then turns brown and dries at maturity. It is traversed by 8 or 9 longitudinal ribs, connected by a network of thin ribs.
Seed
The seeds are flat and lenticular, with a diameter of 1 mm. The seed coat is orange and finely pitted.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Northern Cameroon: Physalis angulata is present in the middle and end of the crop cycle. Germination takes place in June or July. The first flowers appear three weeks after emergence. The plant withers and dies in October or November, after a life cycle of 3 to 4 months.
Madagascar: In seasonal crops, P. angulata can bloom as from the midrainy season. In counter season P. angulata germinates massively from the first irrigations and flowers after about three weeks.
Mayotte: Physalis angulata flowers and fruits from October to June.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Morphology
Growth form
Erected
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Simple
Type of prefoliation
Leaf ratio medium
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Pentagonal
Root type
Taproot
Hollow or solid stem
Hollow stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
with petiole
Fruit type
Berry enclosed by the calyx
Cotyledon type
elliptic
Lamina base
rounded
acute
Lamina margin
undulate
Lamina apex
apiculate
acute
Upperface pilosity
Glabrous
Lowerface pilosity
Glabrous
Simple leaf type
Lamina elliptic
Lamina section
embossed
Lamina Veination
in arc
Flower color
Yellow
Inflorescence type
Axillary solitary flower
Stem pilosity
Glabrous
Life form
Broadleaf plant
Look Alikes
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Physalis angulata can be confused with P. lagascae. The latter is characterized by a decumbent growth habit, slender stems, pubescence on the stem, leaves and the calyx and smaller elements (flower of 3 to 5 mm, bladder 13 to 15 mm long).
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Ecology
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Sunny to somewhat shaded, not too dry, fertile spots in fields, gardens, wastelands, dunes, fallow fields, along roads, in open forests, forest margins; from 0-1500 m alt. Upland rice fields.
Northern Cameroon: Physalis angulata grows in the Sudano-Sahelian region of Guinea region. In Guinea region, this species shows no particular soil requirement, provided that the latter is wet. In the Sudanese regions to Sahelo-Sudanese, this species grows especially on clay loam soils with a high capacity of water retention as planosols, vertisols and alluvial deposits along rivers and soil bas background.
French Guiana: Herbaceous plant, common along the canals and plots of the Mana rice polder.
Madagascar: The species grows on alluvial soils, ferruginous and feralitic humus, temporary waterlogging, rich in sunny or lightly shaded ground. It is found along the roads and canals around the houses. It is a weed of annual crops in particular vegetable crops, in the culture more or less intensive systems of the East, North West and Middle West, up to 1000 m altitude.
Mayotte: Physalis angulata is an exotic species which grows in secondarized places such as old crop fields, ditches, roadsides or embankments.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Description
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
Reunion Island
Comoros
Mauritius
Seychelles
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Origin
Physalis angulata is native to tropical America.
Worldwide distribution
It is currently widespread in all tropical regions of the world: Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Southern USA, Tropical and Southern Africa, North Africa and the Middle East, the South West Indian Ocean islands, India, Pakistan, China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia, the Pacific Islands.
Physalis angulata is native to tropical America.
Worldwide distribution
It is currently widespread in all tropical regions of the world: Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Southern USA, Tropical and Southern Africa, North Africa and the Middle East, the South West Indian Ocean islands, India, Pakistan, China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia, the Pacific Islands.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Benin: Frequent and scarce in paddy fields.
Burkina Faso: Rare and scarce.
Northern Cameroon: This species is very common in dry crops such as groundnuts, cotton, corn and sorghum, and not an inconvenience for these crops. However, it is more common in irrigated against-season as vegetable crops.
Ivory Coast: Frequent and scarce.
Ghana: Frequent and usually abundant.
French Guiana: Plant not very frequent and rarely abundant in vegetable crops.
Mali: Rare but abundant when present.
Madagascar: P. angulata is a relatively rare but often abundant species when present, especially in fertile, moist lowland land. It germinates massively in shallow regions in the first irrigation. It is particularly harmful in vegetable crops against Northwestern season.
Nigeria: Rare and scarce.
Uganda: Frequent and usually abundant.
Senegal: Rare and scarce.
Global hamfulness
Physalis angulata is a weed of minor importance.
Local harmfulness
Benin: Frequent and scarce in paddy fields.
Burkina Faso: Rare and scarce.
Northern Cameroon: This species is very common in dry crops such as groundnuts, cotton, corn and sorghum, and not an inconvenience for these crops. However, it is more common in irrigated against-season as vegetable crops.
Ivory Coast: Frequent and scarce.
Ghana: Frequent and usually abundant.
French Guiana: Plant not very frequent and rarely abundant in vegetable crops.
Mali: Rare but abundant when present.
Madagascar: P. angulata is a relatively rare but often abundant species when present, especially in fertile, moist lowland land. It germinates massively in shallow regions in the first irrigation. It is particularly harmful in vegetable crops against Northwestern season.
Nigeria: Rare and scarce.
Uganda: Frequent and usually abundant.
Senegal: Rare and scarce.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Threats
Physalis angulata hosts many viruses that attack the tobacco, potato, okra, peppers and beans. It is also the host of the causal agent of bacterial spot of tomato Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and viruses attacking tobacco and potato (Potato virus Y).
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Food: ripe fruits of Physalis angulata are consumables, but in limited quantities because they are toxic in large quantities.
Medicinal: P. angulata is also used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases such as malaria, asthma and rheumatism.
Medicinal: P. angulata is also used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases such as malaria, asthma and rheumatism.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Management
Global control
Chemical control: In pre-emergence application of diuron and simazine (sugar cane in the US); in post-emergence application of 2,4-DB in South Africa; in East Africa, 2,4-D and MCPA proved ineffective.
For weeding Advice broadleaf annual weeds of irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/19
Local control
Madagascar: Manual weeding remains almost the only means used to control Physalis angulata.
Chemical control: In pre-emergence application of diuron and simazine (sugar cane in the US); in post-emergence application of 2,4-DB in South Africa; in East Africa, 2,4-D and MCPA proved ineffective.
For weeding Advice broadleaf annual weeds of irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/19
Local control
Madagascar: Manual weeding remains almost the only means used to control Physalis angulata.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Soerjani M., Kostermans A. J. G. H., Tjitrosoepomo G. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.
- Grard, P., Homsombath, K., Kessler, P., Khuon, E., Le Bourgeois, T., Prospéri, J., Risdale, C. 2006. Oswald V.1.0: A multimedia identification system of the major weeds of rice paddy fields of Cambodia and Lao P.D.R. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom. ISBN 978-2-87614-653-2.
- FACTSHEET: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Solanaceae/Solanaceae%20species/key/Australian%20Solanaceae%20species/Media/Html/Physalis_angulata.htm
- BioNET-EAFRINET Keys and Fact Sheets: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Physalis_angulata_%28Wild_Gooseberry%29.htm
- Ivens G. W. (1989). Eastern Africa weeds control. Oxford University press, Nairobi. 216p
- Le Bourgeois, T., Merlier, H. 1995. Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Cirad, Montpellier, France.
- Akobundu I.O. and Agyakwa C.W. (1998). A handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria 396p.
- Ivens G. W., 1989. East African Weeds and Their Control. Oxford University Press, Nairobi, Kenya, 289p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois and H. Merlier (2010). Adventrop V.1.5 Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255p.
- D’ARCY W.G. et RAKOTOZAFY A. 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores Famille 176 SOLANACEAE. MNHN Paris p. 33-35.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:195334-2
- MOODY K. 1989 -Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI Los Banos Philippines 442 pages.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Koch W., 1981. Mauvaises herbes des cultures tropicales.
- In Kranz J., Schmutterer H. & Koch W. : Maladies, ravageurs et mauvaises herbes des cultures tropicales. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hambourg : 587-665.
- Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490p.
Information Listing > References
- Soerjani M., Kostermans A. J. G. H., Tjitrosoepomo G. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.
- Grard, P., Homsombath, K., Kessler, P., Khuon, E., Le Bourgeois, T., Prospéri, J., Risdale, C. 2006. Oswald V.1.0: A multimedia identification system of the major weeds of rice paddy fields of Cambodia and Lao P.D.R. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom. ISBN 978-2-87614-653-2.
- FACTSHEET: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Solanaceae/Solanaceae%20species/key/Australian%20Solanaceae%20species/Media/Html/Physalis_angulata.htm
- BioNET-EAFRINET Keys and Fact Sheets: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Physalis_angulata_%28Wild_Gooseberry%29.htm
- Ivens G. W. (1989). Eastern Africa weeds control. Oxford University press, Nairobi. 216p
- Le Bourgeois, T., Merlier, H. 1995. Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Cirad, Montpellier, France.
- Akobundu I.O. and Agyakwa C.W. (1998). A handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria 396p.
- Ivens G. W., 1989. East African Weeds and Their Control. Oxford University Press, Nairobi, Kenya, 289p.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois and H. Merlier (2010). Adventrop V.1.5 Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
- Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255p.
- D’ARCY W.G. et RAKOTOZAFY A. 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores Famille 176 SOLANACEAE. MNHN Paris p. 33-35.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:195334-2
- MOODY K. 1989 -Weeds reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI Los Banos Philippines 442 pages.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
- Koch W., 1981. Mauvaises herbes des cultures tropicales.
- In Kranz J., Schmutterer H. & Koch W. : Maladies, ravageurs et mauvaises herbes des cultures tropicales. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hambourg : 587-665.
- Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490p.
Etude floristique et phytoécologique des adventices des complexes sucriers de Ferké 1 et 2, de Borotou-Koro et de Zuenoula, en Côte d'Ivoire
TL
Thomas Le BourgeoisLa flore des mauvaises herbes de la Canne à Sucre à La Réunion. Caractérisation à partir des témoins des essais d’herbicides. 2005-2016
MP
Marnotte PascalImages
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Physalis%2520angulata
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Solanales |
| Family | Solanaceae |
| Genus | Physalis |
| Species | Physalis angulata L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
