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WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
WIKTROP - Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Tropical and Mediterranean areas
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Oldenlandia corymbosa L.

Accepted
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymGerontogea biflora Cham. & Schltdl.
synonymGerontogea corymbosa (L.) Cham. & Schltdl.
synonymGerontogea herbacea Cham. & Schltdl.
synonymHedyotis alsinifolia R.Br. ex Wall. [Invalid]
synonymHedyotis biflora Hornem. [Illegitimate]
synonymHedyotis biflora var. corymbosa (L.) Kurz
synonymHedyotis biflora var. graminicola (Kurz) Kurz
synonymHedyotis burmanniana R.Br. ex Wall. [Illegitimate]
synonymHedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam.
synonymHedyotis corymbosa var. ampla Fosberg
synonymHedyotis corymbosa var. tereticaulis W.C.Ko
synonymHedyotis depressa (Willd.) Roem. & Schult.
synonymHedyotis diantha Schult.
synonymHedyotis graminicola Kurz
synonymHedyotis intermedia Wight & Arn.
synonymHedyotis pseudocorymbosa Bakh.f.
synonymHedyotis pusilla Hochst. ex A.Rich.
synonymHedyotis ramosa (Roxb.) Blume
synonymHedyotis scabrida Steud.
synonymHedyotis sperguloides A.Rich.
synonymOldenlandia alsinifolia G.Don
synonymOldenlandia biflora Lam. [Illegitimate]
synonymOldenlandia burmanniana G.Don
synonymOldenlandia capillaris DC.
synonymOldenlandia corymbosa var. corymbosa
synonymOldenlandia depressa Willd.
synonymOldenlandia herbacea DC. [Illegitimate]
synonymOldenlandia mollugoides O.Schwarz
synonymOldenlandia praetermissa Bremek.
synonymOldenlandia pseudocorymbosa (Bakh.f.) Raizada
synonymOldenlandia ramosa Roxb.
synonymOldenlandia scabrida DC.
🗒 Common Names
No Data
📚 Overview
Overview
Brief
Code

OLDCO

Growth form

broadleaf

Biological cycle

annual

Habitat

terrestrial

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    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Global description

    Oldenlandia corymbosa is an erect plant, slightly branched. The leaves are opposite and decussate, linear and sessile, with a serrated stipular collar . The flowers are white, axillary, solitary or assemble in small pauciflorous corymbs. The flowers comprises of 4 fused sepals, surmounted by a point and 4 petals fused in a tube topped by 4 apiculate lobes.
     
    Cotyledons

    The cotyledons are much reduced. They are oval in shape and 1 mm long. They are sessile.
     
    First leaves

    The first leaves are simple and opposite. They are sessile. The blade is linear, 2 to 10 mm long and 0.3 to 1 mm wide. The bases of the leaves are connected by a stipular collar having 1 or 2 filiform tine. The stem is quadrangular. It is very finely scabrous and leaves are glabrous.
     
    General habit

    Erect plant and slightly branched. . It measures 20 to 40 cm high.
     
    Underground system

    Taproot

    Stem

    The stem is full and slender. It is quadrangular, with sharp and finely scabrous angles while the faces are glabrous.
     
    Leaf

    The leaves are simple, opposite and decussate. They are sessile. The bases of the leaves of each pair are connected by a stipular collar surmounted by 1 to 3 tines of 1 to 2 mm long. The lamina is linear lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm large and 1 to 4 mm wide. The base is attenuated and the apex is in sharp, mucronate. The underside is glabrous while the upper surface is more or less covered with scaly hairs. The margin is entire, slightly cartilaginous and finely scabrous.
     
    Inflorescence

    The flowers are solitary or grouped in small corymbiform inflorescences in the axils of leaves.
     
    Flower

    The flowers are carried by a filiform pedicel,5 to 10 mm long, at the end of an axillary peduncle, 1 to 20 mm long. Each corymbe includes 2 to 5 small white flowers, 3 mm long. The calyx is short, consisting of four sepals fused at the base and topped with a linear acute tine, 1 mm long. The corolla consists of 4 petals fused into a tube just above the calyx and ended with four lobes whose tips are apiculate. Stigma is on the top of the corolla and exceed the stamens. The ovary is inferior, bilocular, comprising of numerous ovules.
     
    Fruit

    The fruit is a dehiscent globular capsule of 2 mm in diameter. It is included in the calyx and surmounted by 4 tines of the calyx. The line of dehiscence is a small gap at the top of the capsule. It contains numerous seeds.
     
    Seed

    The seeds are conical, with a diameter of 0.2 mm. The seed coat is black in colour.
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      No Data
      📚 Natural History
      Life Cycle

      Life cycle

      Annual
      Annual
      Northern Cameroon: Oldenlandia corymbosa is a species present mainly at the end of the crop cycle. Germination begins in late July, about three months after the first rains. This period corresponds to a period of seed maturation, during which degradation of the tegument occurs due to the high humidity. This degradation is essential for germination of O. corymbosa, because it is in the tegument that lies the seed dormancy. The duration of the germination phase is variable and it occurs in late cycle, it is not influenced by cultural operations, uncommon at this time. Flowering occurs very quickly, 2-3 weeks after germination, followed 15 days later by the fruiting and seed dispersal. The plant has a very short life cycle. It dies after 2-3 months of development.
      Madagascar: O. corymbosa is species with a short life cycle; it can blossom and produce fruits as from the middle of the crop cycle.
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        Cyclicity
        Oldenlandia corymbosa is an annual species. It is propagated by seed. Seeds are dispersed by water and the soil working tools.
         
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          Reproduction
          Annual plant, reproducing by seeds.
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            Morphology

            Equality of opposite leaves

            Opposite leaves equal
            Opposite leaves equal

            Latex

            Without latex
            Without latex

            Root type

            Taproot
            Taproot

            Stipule type

            Collar stipule
            Collar stipule

            Fruit type

            Capsule splitting horizontally
            Capsule splitting horizontally
            Capsule splitting vertically in 2 carpels
            Capsule splitting vertically in 2 carpels
            Capsule
            Capsule

            Lamina base

            attenuate
            attenuate

            Lamina margin

            scabrous
            scabrous
            entire
            entire

            Lamina apex

            attenuate
            attenuate

            Inflorescence type

            Axillary solitary flower
            Axillary solitary flower

            Stem pilosity

            Glabrous
            Glabrous
            Less hairy
            Less hairy

            Stem hair type

            Bifidus
            Bifidus
            Pubescent
            Pubescent

            Life form

            Broadleaf plant
            Broadleaf plant
            Look Alikes

                                                                   Identification Key For Rubiaceae

            Broad leaf, elliptical or oblong quadrangular winged stem Spermacoce alata
            rounded quadrangular stem little hairy green stem Mitracarpus hirtus
            red-brown stem hispide Richardia scabra
            linear leaf opposing sheets 2 inflorescence en corymbe Oldenlandia corymbosa
            appearing whorled leaves inflorescence glomerulus Spermacoce verticillata
             
            This species can be confused with O. herbacea (L.) Roxb. The latter is distinguished by its abundant branching and absence of peduncle at the base of the flower stalks. In addition, the top of the capsule is flattened in emarginated crest and exceeds the tine of the calyx.
             
             
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              Distinctive characters of some Oldenlandia species

              Biology
              stem Limbe Inflorescences Fruit Beak  
              annual angular hairy broadly elliptical terminal and axillarys, sessile, 9-25 flowers subspherical capsule reduced O. goreensis
              annual angular glabrous elliptical axillary, pedicellate, 3-5 flowers ovoid capsule crest O. corymbosa
              annual or perennial angular glabrous norrowly linear axillary, pedicellate, 1 flower subspherical capsule long 1 mm O. herbacea
              annual or perennial cylindrical glabrous linear axillary pedicellate, 1 flower capsule wider than long long 1 mm O. lancifolia
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                Ecology
                Common weed of cultivated field, roadsides and waste areas.

                Northern Cameroon: Oldenlandia corymbosa develops preferentially in Sudanese region where annual rainfall is between 1 200 and 1 500 mm. It is less common in drier regions. In northern Cameroon, it is present in nearly 50% of cultivated plots of the Sudan region and only 20% of the plots in drier areas. This species grows on light soils with good drainage, such as ferruginous soils. It is also found on planosols and on recent alluvium. This is a very common weed of annual crops.
                French Guiana : Common species in ruderal situation.
                Madagascar: O. corymbosa thrives on soils with low to medium fertility: ferralitic soils and ferruginous soils, alluvial soils of light texture. It grows along the roads and around houses. It is a weed of semi-intensive culture (without fertilization) based on upland rice, maize and cassava and fallow, wetland (East Coast) and sub-humid (Middle West, Middle East, North -West) of Madagascar.
                 
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                  No Data
                  📚 Habitat and Distribution
                  Description
                  Origin

                  Native to tropical Africa, including Madagascar, and India.

                  Worldwide distribution

                  This species is widespread in all tropical regions of the world (Central and South America, Southern USA, tropical Africa, Madagascar, North Africa and Arabia, India, Pakistan, China, Southeast Asia, Australia and islands Peaceful).

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                    No Data
                    📚 Occurrence
                    No Data
                    📚 Demography and Conservation
                    Risk Statement
                    Global harmfulness

                    Weed of minor importance.
                     
                    Local harmfulness

                    Benin: Rare and scarce.
                    Burkina Faso: Rare and scarce.
                    Northern Cameroon: This is a regional weed characteristic of plots cultivated for over 10 years. It is part of the floristic procession of Commelina benghalensis. It is found mainly in intensive culture where mechanization of cultural operations is important. It is insensitive to pre-emergence herbicides because it starts to appear in the plots only in middle cultural cycle. However, it benefits from strong fertilizer inputs.
                    Ivory Coast: Frequent and scarce.
                    Ghana: Rare but abundant when present.
                    French Guiana: Quite common in vegetable crops but rarely abundant.
                    Nigeria: Rare and scarce.
                    Madagascar: O. corymbosa is a species infrequent and often slightly abundant in crops. However, it may be relatively common but not abundant in culture systems based on rainfed rice on light soils.
                    Nigeria: Rare and scarce.
                    Senegal: Rare but abundant when present.
                     
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                      No Data
                      📚 Uses and Management
                      Uses
                      Medicinal: Oldenlandia corymbosa is used as a medicinal plant.
                       
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                        Management

                        Global management

                        For weeding Advice for broadleaf annual weeds of irrigated rice and lowland in Africa, visit: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/19
                         
                        Local management

                        Madagascar: In Madagascar, only the manual weeding is used.
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                          No Data
                          📚 Information Listing
                          References
                          1. Sridevi Sangeetha Kothandaraman Sivapraksam, Kavitha Karunakaran, Umamaheswari Subburaya1, Sujatha Kuppusamy and Subashini TS. 2014 - A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Hedyotis corymbosa Linn in Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 26(1), May – Jun 2014; Article No. 54, pages: 320-324.
                          1. Soerjani M., Kostermans A. J. G. H., Tjitrosoepomo G. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.
                          2. Grard, P., Homsombath, K., Kessler, P., Khuon, E., Le Bourgeois, T., Prospéri, J., Risdale, C. 2006. Oswald V.1.0: A multimedia identification system of the major weeds of rice paddy fields of Cambodia and Lao P.D.R. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom. ISBN 978-2-87614-653-2.
                          3. Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
                          4. Johnson, DE 1997. Weeds in rice in West Africa. WARDA, Bouake, Ivory Coast. 250p.
                          5. Akobundu I.O. and Agyakwa C.W. (1998). A handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria 382p.
                          1. Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois and H. Merlier (2010). Adventrop V.1.5 Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
                          1. Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
                          1. Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
                          2. Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
                          3. Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
                          1. Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255p.
                          1. Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
                          1. Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490p.
                          1. Le Bourgeois, T., Merlier, H. 1995. Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Cirad, Montpellier, France.
                          1. Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
                          1. Corbineau F. & Côme D., 1980a. Principaux paramètres de la germination des graines d'Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (Rubiacée tropicale). Physiol. Vég., 18 (2) : 259-273.
                          1. Corbineau F. & Côme D., 1980b. Rôle de l'oxygène et de la température dans la germination des graines d'Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (Rubiacée tropicale). Physiol. Vég., 18 (2) : 275-287.
                          Information Listing > References
                          1. Sridevi Sangeetha Kothandaraman Sivapraksam, Kavitha Karunakaran, Umamaheswari Subburaya1, Sujatha Kuppusamy and Subashini TS. 2014 - A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Hedyotis corymbosa Linn in Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 26(1), May – Jun 2014; Article No. 54, pages: 320-324.
                          2. Soerjani M., Kostermans A. J. G. H., Tjitrosoepomo G. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.
                          3. Grard, P., Homsombath, K., Kessler, P., Khuon, E., Le Bourgeois, T., Prospéri, J., Risdale, C. 2006. Oswald V.1.0: A multimedia identification system of the major weeds of rice paddy fields of Cambodia and Lao P.D.R. In Cirad [ed.]. Cirad, Montpellier, France. Cdrom. ISBN 978-2-87614-653-2.
                          4. Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
                          5. Johnson, DE 1997. Weeds in rice in West Africa. WARDA, Bouake, Ivory Coast. 250p.
                          6. Akobundu I.O. and Agyakwa C.W. (1998). A handbook of West African Weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria 382p.
                          7. Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois and H. Merlier (2010). Adventrop V.1.5 Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
                          8. Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1963. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. II. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 544p.
                          9. Akobundu I.O. & Agyakwa C.W., 1989. Guide des adventices d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Institut international d'agriculture tropicale. Ibadan, Nigeria, 521p.
                          10. Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
                          11. Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
                          12. Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255p.
                          13. Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241p.
                          14. Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490p.
                          15. Le Bourgeois, T., Merlier, H. 1995. Adventrop - Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Cirad, Montpellier, France.
                          16. Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485p.
                          17. Corbineau F. & Côme D., 1980a. Principaux paramètres de la germination des graines d'Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (Rubiacée tropicale). Physiol. Vég., 18 (2) : 259-273.
                          18. Corbineau F. & Côme D., 1980b. Rôle de l'oxygène et de la température dans la germination des graines d'Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (Rubiacée tropicale). Physiol. Vég., 18 (2) : 275-287.

                          Etude floristique et phytoécologique des adventices des complexes sucriers de Ferké 1 et 2, de Borotou-Koro et de Zuenoula, en Côte d'Ivoire

                          Thomas Le Bourgeois
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                            🐾 Taxonomy
                            📊 Temporal Distribution
                            📷 Related Observations
                            👥 Groups
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