Marlborough comprises portions of three botanical districts known as the Sounds-Nelson (S.N.), North-Eastern (N.E.), and the North-Western (N.W.) Botanical Districts of the South Island of New Zealand. These are in Marlborough clearly defined areas, the former two being separated by the Wairau River, and the latter occupying the triangle margined by the Wairau River and its tributary, the Waihopai River. Each of these areas is peopled by plants restricted thereto so far as Marlborough is concerned, as well as by an element in common. It is clearly insufficient and often quite misleading to record a plant as indigenous to “Marlborough,” or to “the mountains of Marlborough,” or to report it as “common throughout the South Island,” as Cheeseman so often does in his Manual of the New Zealand Flora, for in no small number of cases the plant is absent from hundreds of square miles of territory. This paper is based on seven years' continuous study of the vegetation of the Province, and serves to place on record some of the more important and noteworthy of the writer's observations pertaining to plant distribution as well as several unpublished records by previous workers as evidenced by material in various public herbaria. B. Indigenous Plants Not Hitherto Recorded in Marlborough. (1) From the Sounds-Nelson Botanical District. The following are the more noteworthy of some 58 species observed in the area of which no printed record is known to exist. Athyrium umbrosum—In taxad forest. Pukaka Valley; Onamalutu. Caladenia minor—Scrub margin. Parker's Bay (Queen Charlotte Sound). Carex Dallii—Red Hills. Carex stellulata—Red Hills near Summit tarns. Clematis marata—Top Valley; Pukaka Valley. Coprosma serrulata—Subalpine rocks. Mt. Richmond; Mt. Fishtail. Cotula linearifolia—At 5000 ft. Chrome Peak, Red Hills. Gathered only once previously from the Raglan Mts. Elaeocarpus dentatus var. obovatus—Kenepuru Sound. Previously known only from Takaka. Epacris alpina—In scrub near base of Red Hills, eastern side. Gymnogramme leptophylla—Side of Rarangi track near White's Bay cable station. Haastia Sinclairii—Mt. Fishtail, on shingle scree. Hebe Gibbsii—Mt. Z. on Wairau Mts. Korthalsella salicornioides—Waikawa, Picton. Leptolepia novae-zealandiae—Onamalutu, margin of watercourse in forest. Leucogenes leontopodium—Mt. Fishtail; Mt. Richmond; on rock at 5000 ft. Melicytus micranthus—Tua Marina; Rai Valley; in swamp forest. Nothoclaena distans—White's Bay, on track to cable station. Olearia ilicifolia—Summit of Mt. Robertson.