Determined according to the botanical key provided in Werner in Tutin et al. (1976) to species level and Gajić in Josifović (1975) to subspecies level.
Species variability: Two subspecies of Cirsium ligulare Boiss. occur in the Osogovo region: Cirsium ligulare subsp. albanum Wettst. and Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum (Velen.) Petr. Distinction between subspecies:
–Cirsium ligulare subsp. albanum Wettst:Involucral bracts distinctly widened (lanceolate) below the apical spine; apical spine up to 6 mm long. Widely distributed from the lowland up to 1600 m;
– Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum (Velen.) Petr.: Involucral bracts gradually narrowed into the apical spine, not distinctly widened (lanceolate) in the apical part; apical spine usually longer as compared to subsp. albanum; found in the higher parts of the Osogovo region;
Lifeform: Biennial; the first year of the lifecycle is vegetative (basal rosette stage). Flowering and fruiting occurs in the second year.
Distribution: Native from the Balkan Peninsula according to the distribution information provided by The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Greuter, 2006+) and the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands and pastures, at higher altitudes of c. 1600 m.
Flowering period: Summer- autumn: AUG, SEP.
Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – fruiting capitulum. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – fruiting capitulum. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – involucral bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – involucral bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – capitulum with subtending leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – fruiting capitulum with achenes. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – achene. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – capitulum. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – capitulum. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – involucral bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – subtending leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 27.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/496171e8-6df5-4613-9609-ebd22fe46a37 [Accessed 26.01.2023].
Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Cichorium// Species: Cichorium intybus L.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Sell in Tutin et al. (1976).
Lifeform: Perennial – hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Central Asia and West Himalaya, Macaronesia to North Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands, hill pastures, disturbed ground, roadsides and other ruderal areas.
Cichorium intybus – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitulum. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitulum. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitulum. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitulum. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – florets. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – florets. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitulum. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – involucre of capitula. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – involucre of capitula. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – stems with leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – stems with leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – plant senescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – plant senescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – stem with fruiting capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitula with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitula with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitula with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – basal leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – basal leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.01.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 21.09. 2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitula. Hilly region near village of Beli, 21.09. 2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus -capitulum. Hilly region near village of Beli, 21.09. 2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – flowering capitulum and fruiting capitula. Hilly region near village of Beli, 21.09. 2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – habit. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – habit. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – capitula. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Cichorium intybus – stems with cauline leaves and plant base with basal leaves. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Sell in Tutin et al. (1976) as Crepis vesicaria subsp. haenseleri (DC.) P. D. Sell. The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (Greuter, 2006+) is Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill.) Thell.
Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Central to South Europe and the Balkan peninsula; Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med PlantBase (Greuter, 2006+).
Habitat: Open habitats- grasslands, hill pastures, sparse woods and clarings of oak forests, ruderal areas.
Flowering period: Spring – early summer: APR, MAY, JUN.
Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – upper part of plant with capitula. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – upper part of plant with capitula. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitula. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitula. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – involucre. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – involucre. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – stem with cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – lower cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 15.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – flowering stem with capitula. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitulum. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitulum. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitulum. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – involucre. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – involucre. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – involucre. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – spent capitulum. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – plant base. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – stem. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – basal leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – habit in fruiting stage. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – stemwith fruiting capitula. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitula with achenes. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitulum with achenes. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – achenes. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – achenes. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – achenes. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – achenes. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – achenes. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – body of achenes. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – invulucral bracts and receptacle. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – flowering stems with capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – flowering stems with capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – flowering stem with capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – involucre. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – involucre. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – involucre. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – fruiting capitulum. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – achenes. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – stem. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – base of stems and basal leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – lower part of stems with lower cauline and basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..
References:
Crepis L. Sell, P.D. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 344-357.
Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/2d5e586a-8144-4bc9-b40f-e9fa204bd414 [Accessed 24.01.2023].
Determined according to the botanical key provided by (Micevski, 1993) and Tutin in Tutin et al. (1964).
Two subspecies of Dianthus gracilis Sm. occur in the Osogovo region: Dianthus gracilis Sm. subsp. gracilis and Dianthus gracilis subsp. armerioides (Griseb.) Tutin. Distinction between subspecies:
–Dianthus gracilisSm. subsp.gracilis: Epicalyx-scales reaching up to c. 1/2 of the calyx length. Bracts very short, reaching the lower 1/3 of the calyx;
–Dianthus gracilis subsp. armerioides (Griseb.) Tutin: Epicalyx-scales reaching min 3/4 of the calyx length. Bracts conspicuously longer- as long as the calyx or almost so.
Lifeform: Perennial, sub-shrub; chamaephyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Habitat: Found from the lowland up to mid-altitudes (c. 800-900 m) mainly on rocky substrates in open and semi-open habitats- dry grasslands, edges of forests, rocky terrains, river gorges.
Distribution: Native to the Balkan peninsula according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (Marhold, 2011+) and the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Flowering period: Summer. In favorable condition plans can be found in bloom from late June until October. Peak flowering occurs in July: JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP (-OCT).
Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flowering stem with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flowering stem with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flowering stems with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flowering stem with spent flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flowering stem with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flower – calyx, epicalyx and bracts. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flowers – calyx, epicalyx and bracts. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flowers – calyx, epicalyx and bracts. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – flowers – calyx, epicalyx and bracts. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – calyx, epicalyx and bracts. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – calyx and epicalyx. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – stem and cauline leaves . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – leaf sheath of cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – lower part of flowering stems and vegetative stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – vegetative stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – vegetative stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – leaves of vegetative stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus gracilissubsp. gracilis – plant base- woody stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Taxonomy: Fam. Ranunculaceae// Genus: Consolida// Species: Consolida regalis Gray// Subspecies: Consolida regalis Gray subsp. regalis.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1985).
Lifeform: Annual; Therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Siberia and Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (accepted as Delphinium consolida L.).
Habitat: Found in open habitats grasslands/ pastures and disturbed gr, usually on disturbed ground- near arable land, roads.
Flowering period: Late spring- summer: MAY, JUN, JUL.
Consolida regalissubsp. regalis– habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis– habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – inflorescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – flowers. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – flowers. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – fruit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – ripe fruit with seeds. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – ripe fruit with seeds. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Consolida regalissubsp. regalis – abaxial side off leaves. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Consolida (DC.) Gray. Micevski, K. (1985). The Flora of SR Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 1. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 101 – 104.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Ernet and Richardson in Tutin et al., 1976 (Flora Europaea Vol. 4) as Valerianella pumila (Willd.) DC in, Lam. & DC., Fl. Fr. ed. 3, 4: 242(1805) = V. tridentata (Steven) Betcke. In The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube, 2017+) this taxon is not accepted at the species level- it is considered a synonym of Valerianella coronata (L.) DC.
In the Osogovo region the typical form of Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. occurs as well as Valerianella pumila (Willd.)
Differentiation between the two forms:
-typical form of Valerianella coronata: calyx well developed, campanulate, as long as the fruit, conspicuously divided halfway thru in 6 large triangular teeth; fruits 4 angled, oblong, densely villous.
-Valerianella pumila: calyx reduced to a rim or shortly cupuliform, irregularly toothed, much shorter (5 or more times) than the fruit; fruits obtusely 3 angled, hemispherical, glabrous.
Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Distribution: According to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Valerianella coronata is native from Europe to Central Asia and Pakistan; Northwest Africa (accepted as Valeriana coronata (L.) Mill.); Valerianella pumila is native from Hungary to the Mediterranean and Iran (accepted as Valeriana pumila (L.) Willd).
Habitat: Open terrains – grasslands/ pastures, rocky terrains.
Flowering period: Spring: MAR, APR.
Valerianella pumila – habit in habitat. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stems with inflorescences. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with inflorescence and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – bracts of inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – bracts of inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – basal leaves and stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – basal leaves and stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – transverse section of fruits, showing the fertile and sterile loci. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Valerianella coronata. Raab-Straube, E. von (2017+): Valerianella. – In: Raab-Straube, E. von & Henning, T. (2017+): Valerianaceae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/3e38dc5f-3048-4bef-9214-046c21482804 [Accessed 15.01.2023].
Valerianella Miller. Ernet, D. and Richardson, I.B.K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 48 – 52.
Valerianella pumila. Raab-Straube, E. von (2017+): Valerianella. – In: Raab-Straube, E. von & Henning, T. (2017+): Valerianaceae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=34791&PTRefFk=7500000 [Accessed 24.04.2022].
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1993) and Halliday in Tutin et al. (1964).
Distribution: Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) is native from West and Central Europe to Central Asia and Pakistan, Mediterranean to Arabian Peninsula according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (accepted as Sabulina tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia).
Habitat: Found in open habitats – grasslands, pastures, rocky terrains.
Lifeform: Annual; Therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Flowering period: Spring-summer: APR, MAY, JUN.
Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – inflorescence with fruits. The capsules are equal to longer than the calyx. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – inflorescence with fruits. The capsules are equal to longer than the calyx. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – inflorescence with fruits. The capsules are equal to longer than the calyx. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida – stem with leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Raven in Tutin et al. (1968) and Micevski (2001).
Distribution: Native to Madeira, West, Central and South Europe to Caucasus and Turkey; Algeria according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Edges of forests, mountain roads.
Lifeform: Perennial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL, AUG.
Epilobium lanceolatum – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Epilobium lanceolatum – flowering stems with flowers and fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – flower, flower bud and spent flower. Flowers are white at first and later turn pinkish. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Epilobium lanceolatum – flower. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Epilobium lanceolatum – flower. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – flower. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – flower. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – flower. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – fruit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Epilobium lanceolatum – stems with leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – stem with leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – stems with leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium lanceolatum – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Raven in Tutin et al. (1968) and Micevski (2001).
Distribution: Native to Macaronesia, Northwest Africa, Europe to Turkey according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Wet habitats – near bodies of water.
Lifeform: Perennial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Flowering period: Summer – fall: JUL, AUG, SEP.
Epilobium obscurum – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – upper part of plant – stem with flowers and fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – stem with flowers and fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – flower and fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – flower and fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – flower and fruit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – flower, flower bud and fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – flower and fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – flower – ovary with indumentum of short appressed hairs and calyx with glandular hairs. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – capsules and seeds. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – developing stem with lower leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – lower prt of plant – stems with leaves and leafy stolons. Osogovo – Ponikva, 10.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – side view of flower – calyx and ovary. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – side view of flower – calyx and ovary. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – side view of flower – calyx and ovary. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – fruit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – fruit with seeds. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – stem with leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – stems with leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – stem with leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Epilobium obscurum – leafy stolons. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – leafy stolon. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – leafy stolons. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium obscurum – leafy stolons. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Epilobium L. Micevski, K. (2001). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 5. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1397 – 1411.
Epilobium L. Raven, P.H. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 308 – 311.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (2001) and Raven in Tutin et al. (1968).
Distribution: Native to Macaronesia, Europe, Mediterranean to Central Asia, West Siberia and West Himalaya; South Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal.
Habitat: Edges of forests and other wet habitats.
Lifeform: Perennial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Flowering period: Summer: JUL, AUG.
Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – flowering stems. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – inflorescence. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – inflorescence. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – inflorescence. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – flower. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – flower. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – flower. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – flower and fruit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – flower and fruit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – fruit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – stem with leaves. The leaves are decurrent on the stem. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – stem with leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – stem with leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Epilobium tetragonum subsp. tetragonum – stem and leaf base. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River near village of Krushka, 08.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Epilobium L. Micevski, K. (2001). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 5. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1397 – 1411.
Epilobium L. Raven, P.H. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 308 – 311.
