Determined according to the botanical key provided by Tutin (Umbelliferae – key to genera and Physospermum Cusson) in Tutin at al. (1968) and Matevski (Umbelliferae – key to genera) and Micevski (Physospermum Cusson) in Micevski (2005).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Edges and clearings of forests in the oak and European beech forests zone and Pteridium aquilinium fields, from 900 to 1400 m altitude.
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.
Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– flowering stem with umbels. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– flowering stem with umbels. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– umbel. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– umbel. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– umbel. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– umbel. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels – flowers and bracteoles. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– bracts and bracteoles. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– peduncles, bracts and rays. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– umbel with developing fruits. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– developing fruits. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– stem and upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaves. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaves. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaves. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaf segments. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– fruits. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– fruits. Osogovo – Pteridium aquilinium field in the region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– upper part uf plant with umbels. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– inflorescence (umbel). Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– rays with partial umbels and bracteoles. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– bracts and bracteoles. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– peduncle, bracts and rays of inflorescence. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– stem and upper cauline leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– basal leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– plant top senescence. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– umbel with fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– umbel with fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Physospermum cornubiense– fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Physospermum Cusson. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1586 – 1587.
Physospermum Cusson. Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 342.
Umbelliferae (key to genera). Matevski, V. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1529 – 1534.
Umbelliferae (key to genera). Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 315 – 319.
