Taxonomy: Apiaceae// Genus: Tordylium// Species: Tordylium maximum L.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Tutin (Umbelliferae – key to genera and Tordylium L.) in Tutin at al. (1968) and Matevski (key to genera) and Micevski (Tordylium L.) in Micevski (2005).
Lifeform: Annual (therophyte according to the Raunkiær system) or biennial.
Distribution in Europe: Native to East Central and South Europe to Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands/pastures, bushlands.
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.
Tordylium maximum – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – flowering stems with inflorescences. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – flowers. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence with fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – stem and upper cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – stem and upper cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – lower cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – adaxial side of leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – abaxial side of leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – habit at senescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – habit at senescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – habit at senescense. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – habit in habitat. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – habit. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – inflorescence. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence with bracts and bracteoles. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence with fruits. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – inflorescence with fruits. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.Tordylium maximum – branch with developing inflorescence. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – developing inflorescence. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – cauline leaf. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – cauline leaf. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – cauline leaf. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – lower cauline leaf. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski. Tordylium maximum – stem. Hills between the Gorge of “Kochanska” River and the Kochani landfill, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
References:
Tordylium L. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1643 – 1646.
Tordylium L. Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 367.
Umbelliferae (key to genera). Matevski, V. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1529 – 1534.
Umbelliferae (key to genera). Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 315 – 319.
