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Jute Breeding

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Fundamentals of Field Crop Breeding

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Abstract

Jute (Corchorus spp.; 2n = 14) is an annual crop and ranks next only to cotton as a source of natural bast fibre. Unlike other field crops, the economic product is fibre from stem which is a vegetative part. Jute breeding is a challenge to plant breeders as selection of better genotype is cumbersome as generation advancement of selections requires two growing seasons compared to one season in other field crops. Moreover, hybridization is also a tedious process. In spite of these difficulties, a number of high-yielding varieties of both C. olitorius and C. capsularis have been developed in India, Bangladesh and China using different breeding methods. During the last 50 years, the improvement of fibre yield potential has almost doubled. Advanced plant breeding methods along with genomic tools are only way to bring next quantum jump by breaking yield plateau. Draft genome sequencing of jute has been accomplished by India, Bangladesh and China independently in recent years. But due to the narrow genetic base of Corchorus species, lack of suitable transformation protocol using tissue culture and lack of high-throughput phenotyping technology, the pace of jute crop improvement is slow. The use of genomic tools and advanced breeding methods like marker aided selection, speed breeding and transgenic research and the use of genome editing tools may open a new avenue in future in crop improvement in jute to establish it as a climate-smart crop by imparting biotic and abiotic stress resistance along with better fibre quality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    C. S. Kar, Pratik Satya & Gouranga Kar

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  1. C. S. Kar
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  2. Pratik Satya
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  3. Gouranga Kar
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Correspondence to C. S. Kar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Delhi, India

    Devendra Kumar Yadava

  2. Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, India

    Harsh Kumar Dikshit

  3. Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, India

    Gyan Prakash Mishra

  4. Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, India

    Shailesh Tripathi

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Kar, C.S., Satya, P., Kar, G. (2022). Jute Breeding. In: Yadava, D.K., Dikshit, H.K., Mishra, G.P., Tripathi, S. (eds) Fundamentals of Field Crop Breeding. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9257-4_10

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