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Botany of Jute (Corchorus Spp.)

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The Jute Genome

Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

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Abstract

Jute fibers are procured from two species, namely Corchorus olitorius L. and C. capsularis L. belonging to the family Malvaceae. Jute is recognized as among the most important as well as an excellent source of natural fibers of the world. Fibers of jute are very attractive and a magnificent renewable resource because of their biodegradable properties. Apart from the two cultivated species, there are several wild relatives of jute considered as the potential resources for developing tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses in cultivated varieties. The development of an ideal jute plant through sexual hybridization is a long-time desire of the jute breeders involving the two cultivated as well as the wild species. Desired improvement of jute plants through conventional breeding and modern biotechnology has been impeded as a result of the existence of sexual incompatibility among jute species, and its recalcitrant nature towards plant genetic transformation respectably. This chapter focuses on the taxonomic and botanical descriptions of Corchorus spp. including anatomy, physiology, cytology, genetics, as well as a brief description of its origin and distribution. Moreover, it includes an account of the reproductive development following self- and cross-pollinations in Corchorus spp. as well as a short elucidation of previous breeding efforts in jute. The information compiled here may be useful in planning the future research program towards the improvement of jute.

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to Profs. A S Islam and M Imdadul Hoque for providing useful information and cooperation in various studies related jute breeding. Profound thanks to Dr. Tahmina Islam for her support during the preparation of this manuscript. Contributions of Rahima Khatun, Bithee Das, Saroj Kumar Paul, A K M Kamrul Hoque, and Masud Karim are sincerely acknowledged for their various studies related to reproductive biology and breeding of jute. Thanks are also to Mahin Afrose for cytological information for the wild species of jute, as well as Hiranmay Chanda and Bushrat Jahan for their help in preparing the drawings and graphs.

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  1. Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Rakha Hari Sarker

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  1. Rakha Hari Sarker
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Correspondence to Rakha Hari Sarker .

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  1. College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

    Liwu Zhang

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Haseena Khan

  3. President, International Climate Resilient Crop Genomics Consortium (ICRCGC), President, International Phytomedomics & Nutriomics Consortium (IPNC) and President, Genome India International (GII), Kolkata, India

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Sarker, R.H. (2022). Botany of Jute (Corchorus Spp.). In: Zhang, L., Khan, H., Kole, C. (eds) The Jute Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91163-8_2

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