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Alternative management practices for the control of banded leaf and sheath blight incited by Rhizoctonia solani f.sp. sasakii (Kuhn) Exner in maize in North Western India

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Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) of maize is one of the most important pathogen in north western India. Its soil borne nature, wide host range and lack of host resistant sources emphasizes the need to develop alternative management practices such as sowing date (experiment I), nitrogen levels (experiment II), plant spacing (experiment III) and sowing method (experiment IV). Experiments were conducted for two consecutive Kharif seasons (2018 and 2019). Disease severity, area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) and relative AUDPC (rAUDPC) were found greatest in crops sown on 30th June and least in crop sown on 30th May. Maximum disease severity and lower grain yield were obtained at higher doses of nitrogen (150 kg ha−1). Mean disease severity, AUDPC and r-AUDPC were lower in the ridge sown than flat sown crop. Mean grain yield and 1000 grain weight were found significantly higher in the crop sown on ridges compared to flat sown crop. Closer spacing (60 cm × 15 cm) of plant further enhanced the disease severity thus, reducing the grain yield. Total eight weeds were artificially inoculated with R. solani under in vitro condition. Out of eight weeds tested, disease symptoms were observed on five weeds viz; Acrachne racemosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica and Cyperus rotandus which were further selected to study the spatial progression of disease in field during Kharif 2019 and 2020. Maximum disease incidence (42.7%) and severity (35.7%) was found in E. colonum infested plot, followed by C. rotundus infested plot. Hence, timely ridge sown weed free crop (particulary from E. colonum and C. rotandus) with recommended nitrogen and spacing is the most appropriate approach to manage banded leaf and sheath blight of maize during Kharif season.

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Data availability

The data generated and/or analyzed during the present study are attached as supporting information and can also be obtained from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana for providing seed material, the infrastructure and other facilities for conducting experiments.

Funding

The research was fully supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi—Extramural grant ‘Characterization, population dynamics and management of Rhizoctonia in different cropping systems’ to HK and MSH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India

    Sanjay Kumar & Mandeep Singh Hunjan

  2. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Harleen Kaur

  3. Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Tarundeep Kaur

Authors
  1. Sanjay Kumar
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  2. Harleen Kaur
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  3. Mandeep Singh Hunjan
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  4. Tarundeep Kaur
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Contributions

HK, MSH and TK designed the research work. HK and SK conducted the experiments. SK collected the data and did statistical analysis. HK, SK, MSH and TK prepared the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sanjay Kumar or Harleen Kaur.

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Kumar, S., Kaur, H., Hunjan, M.S. et al. Alternative management practices for the control of banded leaf and sheath blight incited by Rhizoctonia solani f.sp. sasakii (Kuhn) Exner in maize in North Western India. Trop. plant pathol. 48, 604–613 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00604-6

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