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Determination of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen stem extracts

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Abstract

The present study reports the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical profiling of Orthosiphon thymiflorus stem extracts. The Soxhlet apparatus extracted dried stem samples with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of triterpenoids, steroids, reducing sugar, sugar, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, catechins, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The highest total phenolic content was 2.18 μg/ml in methanol extract, and the highest total flavonoid content was 1.47 μg/ml in chloroform extract of O. thymiflorus. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of major functional groups such as phenols, alkanes, amines, alkenes, carboxylic acid & derivatives, arenes, aldehyde, and ketones. The GC–MS study of the stem of O. thymiflorus extracted using various solvents revealed the presence of several bioactive chemicals. Twenty-five compounds were identified in the petroleum ether extract, 18 compounds were identified in the chloroform extract, 28 compounds were found in the ethyl acetate extract, and 11 compounds were found in methanol extract. The crude extracts were further subjected to DPPH scavenging activity of O. thymiflorus, which showed promising results. The present study focusing on profiling of phytochemicals of O. thymiflorus will be useful in the synthesis and preparation of new drugs of pharmaceutical importance.

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Funding

This study is financially supported by the Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE), DST (Grant no. DST/INSPIRE/2021/200318), and RUSA 2.0, BDU.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rajasekaran Radhika, Subbu Thavamurugan & Azhagiyamanavalan Lakshmi Prabha

  2. Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ramasamy Rajendran

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  1. Rajasekaran Radhika
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All authors equally contributed to manuscript. Dr. ALP supervised the research, experimental design, and manuscript validation. RR designed and executed the work and prepared the manuscript. Dr. RR and ST helped in plant collection and identification and reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Azhagiyamanavalan Lakshmi Prabha.

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Radhika, R., Rajendran, R., Thavamurugan, S. et al. Determination of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen stem extracts. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03503-z

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