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Leaf Secretory Structures in Asteraceae: A Synthesis of Their Diversity and Evolution

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Abstract

This study presents the first comparative analysis of the leaf secretory structures across Asteraceae. In this work, the leaf secretory structures of more than 500 species of 35 of the 40 tribes and 11 of the 13 subfamilies of Asteraceae are described and compared to evaluate their diversity at the tribe level and to identify evolutionary patterns. Leaf secretory structures are present in 28 of the 35 analyzed tribes and correspond to canals (recorded in 17 tribes), secretory cavities (1 tribe), hydathodes (19 tribes), laticifers (4 tribes) and glandular trichomes (24 tribes). Canals are mostly associated with vascular bundles and predominate in Asteroideae, while cavities were only present within Tageteae. Hydathodes occur in leaves without divisions and with well-developed teeth. Laticifers were observed only in the tribes of Cichorioideae. Seven glandular trichome morphotypes were differentiated by their cellular composition and shape. These observations together with the available information showed that secretory structures are found in 80% of the Asteraceae tribes. Four of the 40 tribes did not present any type of secretory structure. Our study reveals that almost all of the tribes possess one to three types of secretory structures, and are absent in some early-diverging clades. Character evolution analyses show that glandular trichomes are plesiomorphic in Asteraceae. This study found that secretory structures prevail in late-diverging lineages and were taxonomically informative at different levels. Our comparative study of the secretory structures in Asteraceae is essential for the standardization of its terminology and will provide a frame of reference for future studies.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is part of Daniel M. Martínez-Quezada’s (DMMQ) dissertation and is presented as a partial requirement for the Ph.D. degree from the Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. This work was supported by the National Autonomous University of Mexico - Support Program for Research and Technological Innovation Projects (PAPIIT IN213916, IN209519) to JLV, as well as by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) for the scholarship granted to DMMQ for his graduate studies (736,800). Comments on the manuscript by Dr. Rosario Redonda-Martínez are appreciated. To Dr. José Luis Panero for facilitating the consultation and allowing us to remove samples of material deposited at the herbarium of the University of Texas at Austin. To George Yatskievych and Amalia Díaz for their assistance during sampling of herbarium specimens at TEX, as well as Julio César Montero-Rojas for artwork. We appreciate the comments of two anonymous reviewers that allowed us to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-233, 04510, Ciudad de México, México

    Daniel M. Martínez-Quezada, Patricia Rivera, Alicia Rojas-Leal, José Luis Villaseñor & Teresa Terrazas

  2. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, Coyoacán, México

    Daniel M. Martínez-Quezada

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  1. Daniel M. Martínez-Quezada
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Correspondence to Teresa Terrazas.

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Martínez-Quezada, D.M., Rivera, P., Rojas-Leal, A. et al. Leaf Secretory Structures in Asteraceae: A Synthesis of Their Diversity and Evolution. Bot. Rev. 89, 59–90 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-022-09276-4

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