Abstract
Sesbania is a genus in the family Leguminosae that has been widely used by people in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Southeast Asia. Information about Sesbania uses and their characteristics such as chemical compounds were obtained from 233 papers, reports and books. We found evidence for 22 Sesbania species being used. They were used for human food (10 species), animal food (9), poisons (1), medicines (10), environments (8), materials (7), fuel (2) and social purposes (1). Sesbania grandiflora and S. sesban were used more than the other species. Sesbania grandiflora was the only species with uses in all categories. Sesbania sesban was used in six categories. Sesbania grandiflora had the highest number of use records in almost all categories, except for fuel in which S. sesban had more records. The aerial parts, especially the soft, young parts were consumed by both humans and animals. Some Sesbania species contained high amounts of proteins (41% of protein in S. javanica), vitamin C (145 mg/100 g in S. grandiflora) and high amounts of calcium (666 mg/100 g in S. grandiflora). Sesbania species have been used to treat 20 subcategories of human disorders, and also as veterinary medicines. Sesbania possessed 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy-N-pentadecanamide, 2-hydroxy-N-decanamide, betulinic acid, isovestitol, medicarpin, oleanolic acid 3-β-D-glucuronide, pinitol, saponin, sativan, sesbanimide, stigmasterol and triterpene acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside for which pharmacological properties had been tested. Sesbania also has cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiurolithiatic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Sixteen microorganisms were found to be inhibited by Sesbania. Sesbania species are well-known for their use as green manures and seven species were recorded for this purpose. Sesbania also have properties that make them useful for pollution control. Regarding material uses, five Sesbania species were used for their fibers and Sesbania bispinosa was used in the production of fabrics. Besides the uses, Sesbania species also have other economic importance as weeds, pest host, and host for an economic plant. Eight species of Sesbania appear to have negative effects as weeds and pest-host and one species (Sesbania grandiflora) was the host for sandalwood. There was evidence that Sesbania could inhibit growth of animals and plants. Moreover, Sesbania seeds in too large doses are lethal to some animals. According to the vast advantages, the knowledge of Sesbania uses, including the safe dosages, should be passed on for the welfare of humans.
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Notes
Names of species are given without their author’s names in the running text; author names for each name can be found in Appendix 3 which provides a list of Sesbania and other plant names mentioned in the text.
Throughout this paper we use only entire numbers for percentages, even if the original reference may have used decimal points
For weight (g, mg) decimals are included only for numbers <10, otherwise they were shortened to the nearest whole number.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Thai Government for a PhD stipendium to Saowalak Bunma to study at Aarhus University. Henrik Balslev thanks the Carlsberg Foundation for support to his studies of the Thai flora.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Food Provided by Species of Sesbania
Food provided by species of Sesbania. For each species are mentioned used parts, common names as cited in the literature, modes of preparation and utilization, country where it was recorded, and reference.
Parts used | Common names | Preparation and use | Country or region | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sesbania bispinosa | ||||
Flowers | vegetables | Tanaka & Nakao, 1976 | ||
Pods | substitute for peas | Tanaka & Nakao, 1976 | ||
Seeds | vegetables | Tanaka & Nakao, 1976 | ||
Sesbania cannabina | ||||
Seeds | vegetables | India | Datta & Banerjee, 1978 | |
Sesbania grandiflora | ||||
Stems | Rang Dok Kae | Young shoot added in curry or dipped in paste | Thailand | Tangtragoon, 1998 |
Stems | Khae, Khae baan | Young shoots steamed or stir-fried before being eaten with chili paste in many kinds of food, such as curries | Thailand | Thongpairojn, 1999 |
Stems | Khae baan | Young shoots steamed or boiled or steamed and eaten with other food | Thailand | Chumnasiao, 2004 |
Stems | Khae baan | Young shoot steamed and eaten with chili paste or added in curries | Thailand | Tangtragoon et al., 2004 |
Stems | Khae, Khae baan | Young shoot steamed and eaten with chili paste or added in sour curries | Thailand | Srisopa, 2008 |
Stems | Khae | Young shoot steamed and eaten with chili paste | Thailand | Muangyen, 2013 |
Stems | Khae dok khao, Khae dok daeng | Young shoot used as a side dish with spicy meat salads | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 |
Leaves | Used as a vegetable or spinach-like vegetable by adding in stews and salad | Martin & Ruberté, 1975 | ||
Leaves | Fried, steamed, boiled or added in soups or curries | Asia | Rachie, 1979 | |
Leaves | Daəm ɒŋkiə dey | Added in soups | Cambodia | Martin, 1971 |
Leaves | Agse mara, Agasatibak | Vegetable | India | Rajasab & Isaq, 2004 |
Leaves | Agathi keerai | Vegetable | India | Arinathan et al., 2007 |
Leaves | Agathi | Vegetable | India | Sarvalingam et al., 2015 |
Leaves | Toori, Toroj | Eaten as sěpan (food heated in steam) by nursing mothers | Indonesia | Ochse & van den Brink, 1977 |
Leaves | Agati-keerai, Akatti, Katuru-murunga | Vegetable | Sri Lanka | Dasanayake & Fosberg, 1991 |
Leaves | Khae baan | Vegetable | Thailand | Pongpangan & Poobrasert, 1972 |
Leaves | Kae, Khae | Cooked vegetable | Thailand | Inta, 2008 |
Leaves | Khae | Steamed and eaten with chili paste | Thailand | Muangyen, 2013 |
Flowers | Fried, steamed, boiled or added in soups or curries | Asia | Rachie, 1979 | |
Flowers | Daəm ɒŋkiə dey | Added in soups | Cambodia | Martin, 1971 |
Flowers | Gelou̽gai | Vegetable | China | Pei, 1985 |
Flowers | Vegetable | India | Hedrick, 1972 | |
Flowers | Agse mara, Agasatibak | Vegetable | India | Rajasab & Isaq, 2004 |
Flowers | Agasti phool | Vegetable | India | Sinha & Lakra, 2005 |
Flowers | Bakphul | Vegetable | India | Bandyopadhyay & Mukherjee, 2009 |
Flowers | Eaten in curries | India | Roxburgh, 1874 | |
Flowers | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | Eaten in curries [as Agati grandiflora] | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Flowers | Added to salads | Indonesia | Hedrick, 1972 | |
Flowers | Toori, Toroj | Used for making sayur or lalab or pětjěl; sayur is a soup, lalab is a side dish containing several plant ingredients eaten raw with rice and pětjěl is the dish made from leafy vegetable covered with a sambal-sauce | Indonesia | Ochse & van den Brink, 1977 |
Flowers | Getih, Kachang turi, Turi | vegetables | Malaysia | Corner, 1940 |
Flowers | vegetables | Myanmar | Hedrick, 1972 | |
Flowers | Khae | vegetables | Thailand | Upho, 2005 |
Flowers | vegetables | Thailand | Boontun, 2010 | |
Flowers | Diang piang, Lum dok kae, Tood rang jaak | vegetables | Thailand | Srithi, 2012 |
Flowers | Dok kare | vegetables | Thailand | Panyadee et al., 2016 |
Flowers | Khae baan | Steamed and eaten with hot sauce or added in curries. Pistils should be removed before using. | Thailand | |
Flowers | Rang Dok Kae | Steamed and eaten with hot sauce or added in curries. Pistils should be removed before using. | Thailand | Tangtragoon, 1998 |
Flowers | Khae, Khae baan | Steamed or stir-fried before being eaten with chili paste or added in many kinds of food, such as curries | Thailand | Thongpairojn, 1999 |
Flowers | Khae Baan | Steamed and eaten with chili paste or added in curries | Thailand | Tangtragoon et al., 2004 |
Flowers | Kae, Khae | Cooked and eaten as vegetable by the Tai Lue ethnic minority group | Thailand | Inta, 2008 |
Flowers | Khae, Khae baan | Steamed and eaten with chili paste or added in sour curries | Thailand | Srisopa, 2008 |
Flowers | Khae baan | Steamed, fried, stir-fried or added in soups or curry (Fig. 1) | Thailand | Ponpim, 1996; Chumnasiao, 2004; Oundech, 2009; Junkhonkaen, 2012 |
Flowers | Khae | Steamed, fried, stir-fried or added in soups or curry | Thailand | |
Flowers | Khae dok khao, Khae dok daeng | Steamed, fried, stir-fried or added in soups or curry | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 |
Flowers | Khae | Added in curries | Thailand | Muangyen, 2013 |
Flowers | Katuday | vegetables | Philippines | Bodner & Gereau, 1988 |
Flowers | Agati-keerai, Akatti, Katuru-murunga | vegetables | Philippines | Dasanayake & Fosberg, 1991 |
Flowers | Petals eaten raw or added in soups | Philippines | Yoshida, 1989 | |
Flowers | vegetables | W Africa | Irvine, 1952 | |
Pods | Added in stews and salad | |||
Pods | Fried, steamed, boiled or adding in soups or curries | Asia | Rachie, 1979 | |
Pods | Eaten in curries | India | Roxburgh, 1874 | |
Pods | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | Eaten in curries [as Agati grandiflora] | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Pods | Toori, Toroj | Eaten as sěpan, especially by nursing mothers | Indonesia | Ochse & van den Brink, 1977 |
Pods | Khae baan | Vegetable | Thailand | Pongpangan & Poobrasert, 1972 |
Pods | Khae, Khae baan | Steamed or stir-fried before being eaten with chili paste or added in many kinds of food, such as curries | Thailand | Thongpairojn, 1999 |
Pods | Dok kare | Young pods steamed and eaten as vegetables | Thailand | Tovaranonte, 2003 |
Pods | Khae dok khao, Khae dok daeng | Young pods Used as a substitute for papaya to make salad | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 |
Seeds | Processed and used in the same way as soybeans | Asia | Rachie, 1979 | |
Seeds | Toori, Turi | Used to make tempeh turi; tempeh is a fermented bean cake usually made from bean seeds. Tempeh turi is popular in east and central Java | Indonesia | Shurtleff & Aoyagi, 1979 |
Sesbania javanica | ||||
Leaves | Sano | vegetables | Thailand | Pongpangan & Poobrasert, 1972 |
Flowers | Daəm snao | to make donuts | Cambodia | Martin, 1971 |
Flowers | Used for making rice cake [as S. paludosa] | SE Asia | Lecomte et al., 1912 | |
Flowers | vegetables | Thailand | Srithi, 2012 | |
Flowers | Sano | Steamed, fried, stir-fried, added in sour curry or mixed with eggs to make omelets | Thailand | Pongpangan & Poobrasert, 1972; Thongpairojn, 1999; Humphanon et al., 2002 |
Flowers | Dok khanoo, Sano kin dok | To make a dessert called ‘Khanom Dok Sano’. [‘Khanom’ means a dessert, ‘Dok’ means a flower and ‘Sano’ is the vernacular name of this species in Thai language] | Thailand | Tovaranonte, 2003 |
Flowers | Phak hong haeng, Sano, Sano kin dok, Sano hin | Steamed, fried, stir-fried, added in sour curry or mixed with eggs to make omelets. Moreover, flowers used to make a dessert called ‘Khanom Dok Sano’ (Fig. 1). | Thailand | Srisopa, 2008 |
Flowers | Sano, Sano kin dok | Steamed, fried, stir-fried, added in sour curry or mixed with eggs to make omelets. Moreover, flowers used to make a dessert called ‘Khanom Dok Sano’. | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 |
Flowers | Added to chocolate balls to make healthy snack | Thailand | Leelasuphapong, 2013 | |
Flowers | Added to ice cream to make a healthy snack | Thailand | Chaweewan, 2013 | |
Sesbania longifolia | ||||
Seeds | coffee substitute | Mexico | Hedrick, 1972 | |
Sesbania pachycarpa | ||||
Seeds | coffee substitute | Senegal | Kerharo & Adam, 1964 | |
Seeds | substitute for seeds of Parkia to make a fermented extract called soumbara | W Africa | Dalziel, 1937 | |
Sesbania sericea | ||||
Seeds | coffee substitute [as S. pubescens] | Senegal | Kerharo & Adam, 1964 | |
Sesbania sesban | ||||
Leaves | Added in traditional salad called ‘Singju’ | India | Konsam et al., 2016 | |
Leaves | vegetables | India | Pullaiah et al., 2016 | |
Flowers | vegetables [as S. aegyptiaca] | W Africa | Irvine, 1952 | |
Pods | substitute for peas | Tanaka & Nakao, 1976 | ||
Pods | Boiled and mashed with potatoes or peas, chili, and fermented fish into a semi-liquid dish called ‘Eromba’ | India | Konsam et al., 2016 | |
Seeds | Fermented into a flavoring paste [as S. aegyptiaca] | W Africa | Dalziel, 1937 | |
Sesbania sesban subsp. punctata | ||||
Seeds | Substitute for seeds of Parkia to make a fermented extract called ‘soumbara’ | W Africa | Dalziel, 1937 | |
Sesbania speciosa | ||||
Flowers | Steamed or stir-fried with eggs | Thailand | Personal observation | |
Sesbania tetraptera | ||||
Leaves | Potherb | Tropical Africa | Tanaka & Nakao, 1976 | |
Appendix 2: Uses of Sesbania species for Traditional Medicine
The uses are classified by major medicinal disorders. Each species we mention used parts, use purpose, common name provided by literature, country where it was recorded, modes of preparation and administration, and reference.
Species | Parts used | Used for/as | Common names | Country or region | Modes of preparation and administration | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abnormalities | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Leaves and flowers | Nasal polyps | Khae Ban | Thailand | Niyomyat, 1999 | |
S. hirtistyla | Rectal prolapse | Tanzania | Decoction | Chhabra et al., 1990 | ||
Circulatory System Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Cardiotonic agent | Khae Ban | Thailand | Niyomyat, 1999 | |
S. pachycarpa | Fruits | Hypertension | More | Burkina Faso | Decoction | Nadembega et al., 2011 |
S. sesban | Roots | Hypertension | Muzimbandeya | Uganda | Tugume et al., 2016 | |
Digestive System Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Bark | Stomach disorders/Emetic | Martin & Ruberté, 1975 | |||
S. grandiflora | Bark | Diarrhea | Thailand | Decoction | Sairattanain, 2015 | |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Diarrhea | Thailand | Chopped, ground with weaver ants (Oecophylla sp.), and taken orally | Suwanantawong, 2011 | |
S. grandiflora | Bark and root | Dysentery | Thailand | Three to four pieces of bark or two roots of S. grandiflora and two to three whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus soaked in water for 30 min before drinking the supernatant | Suwanantawong, 2011 | |
S. grandiflora | Stem bark | Diarrhea | Korbokae | Thailand | Ground and mixed with lime water | Thongdonair, 2003 |
S. grandiflora | Bark and leaves | Aphthous ulcers | Khae baan | Thailand | Humphanon et al., 2002 | |
S. grandiflora | Bark and flower | Diarrhea and constipation | Khae Ban | Thailand | Niyomyat, 1999 | |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Diarrhea and flatulence | Thailand | Vanichkul, 2008 | ||
S. grandiflora | Root bark | Diarrhea | Thailand | Ground or decocted | Pongthornpruek, 2011 | |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Diarrhea | Thailand | Boontun, 2010 | ||
S. grandiflora | Bark | Diarrhea | Cambodia | Decoction | Chassagne et al., 2016 | |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Diarrhea | Katirai | Philippines | Decoction | Abe & Ohtani, 2013 |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Diarrhea | Avisachettu | India | Padal et al., 2013 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Diarrhea and blood dysentery | Agathi | India | Cooked and eaten with normal diets | Shanmugam et al., 2011 |
S. grandiflora [as Agati grandiflora] | Leaves | Constipation | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Constipation and bile duct disorders | Agathi | India | Leaf juice | Vijayakumar et al., 2015 |
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Dysentery | India | Made into a soup | Morvin Yabesh et al., 2014 | |
S. grandiflora [as Agati grandiflora] | Fruits | Colic | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | |
S. javanica | Flowers | Gastric ulcers | Sano, Sano kin dok | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 | |
S. javanica | Root | Aphthous ulcers | Sano, Sano kin dok | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 | |
S. sesban | Seeds and bark | Diarrhea and enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | |
S. sesban | Seeds and juice of bark | Diarrhea | Champai, Jayante, Karijinangec | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 | |
S. sesban | Seed powder | Dysentery | India | Gairola et al., 2013 | ||
S. sesban | Leaves and flowers | Stomachache | Uganda | Chewed | Hamill et al., 2000 | |
Endocrine System Disorders | ||||||
S. sesban | Leaves | Diabetes | Jayanti | India | Decoction | Tarafdar et al., 2015 |
S. sesban | Root | Diabetes | Muzimbandeya | Uganda | Tugume et al., 2016 | |
Genitourinary System Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Roots | Contraceptive | Agasthi | India | Boiled and the decoction is taken orally twice a day for 3–4 days after the menstrual period | Mallick et al., 2014 |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Leucorrhea | Bakphul | India | 50 g of fresh bark extracted to make juice and applied to vaginal area | Adhikari et al., 2018 |
S. grandiflora | Flower | Light menstrual blood flow | India | Made on paste and taken orally | Balamurugan et al., 2017 | |
S. pachycarpa | Whole plant | Urinary retention | More | Burkina Faso | Charred | Nadembega et al., 2011 |
S. punicea | Root | Menstrual disorders | Mokgabane | South Africa | One tin cup of root extract drunk. The extract prepared by boiling root in water for 20 min | Semenya et al., 2012 |
S. sesban | Leaves | Hydrocele | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | A poultice | Nadkarni, 1976 |
S. sesban | Seeds | Stimulates or increases menstrual flow/emmenagogue | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | |
S. sesban | Seeds and bark | Excessive menstrual flow (menorrhagia) | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | |
Ill-Defined Symptoms | ||||||
S. sesban | Root | Dizziness | East Africa | Drinking root drops | Haerdi, 1964 | |
Infections/ Infestations | ||||||
S. bispinosa [as S. aculeata] | Leaves and roots | Kidney infections | Kayu ambun | Indonesia | Decoction | |
S. grandiflora | Stem bark | Fever | Korbokae | Thailand | Decoction | Thongdonair, 2003 |
S. grandiflora | Young shoot, leaves, and flowers | Fever | Khae baan | Thailand | Chumnasiao, 2004 | |
S. grandiflora | Young shoot, young leaves, and flowers | Fever | Khae dok khao, Khae dok daeng | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Fever during menstruation | Khae Ban | Thailand | Niyomyat, 1999 | |
S. grandiflora | Fresh leaves | Fever | Thailand | Sairattanain, 2015 | ||
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Cold | Thailand | Vanichkul, 2008 | ||
S. grandiflora | Bark and leaves | Fever | Khae baan | Thailand | Humphanon et al., 2002 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves and flowers | Nasal catarrh | Bokful | Bangladesh | Taken orally | Islam et al., 2014 |
S. grandiflora | whole plant | Gonorrhea | Bock phool | Bangladesh | Apply the oil from the whole plant to the external male intromittent organ | Rahmatullah et al., 2012 |
S. grandiflora | Root | Catarrh | Agasta, Agasthio, Agathd | India | 1–2 drops of root juice used with honey | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
S. grandiflora | Leaves and flowers | Nasal catarrh | Agasta, Agasthio, Agathd | India | Leaf juice and flower juice blown into nostrils | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Scarlet fever | Agathi | India | Decoction | Vijayakumar et al., 2015 |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Malaria | Agse mara, Agasatibak | India | Infused and taken during the first stage of malaria | Rajasab & Isaq, 2004 |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Smallpox | India | Decoction used for bathing | Morvin Yabesh et al., 2014 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Sore throat | India | Leaf juice | Morvin Yabesh et al., 2014 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Fever | Avisa | India | A spoonful of its leaf juice is orally taken twice a day for two days | Padal et al., 2014 |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Skin lice | Agasthi | India | Mallick et al., 2014 | |
S. grandiflora | Flower | Hepatitis | India | Drink a cup of flower extract twice a day | Patil & Patil, 2011 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves and stem | Ailments related to HIV/AIDS | Ntatembwa, Muwoganyanja | Uganda | Lamorde et al., 2010 | |
S. javanica | Roots | Malaria | Daəm snao | Cambodia | Martin, 1971 | |
S. microphylla | Leaves | Malaria and febrile convulsion in children | Msenga, Mbondo | Tanzania | Decocted with the leaves of Orthosiphon thymiflorus [as O. suffrutescens] and Solanum aculeastrum | Moshi et al., 2012 |
S. pachycarpa | Root | Malaria | More | Burkina Faso | Macerated | Nadembega et al., 2011 |
S. sesban | Leaves | Fever | Theya | India | Macerated and orally taken | Chander et al., 2015 |
S. sesban | Leaves | Fever related to malaria | Janter | Pakistan | Infused and one cup of infusion drunk | Shah & Rahim, 2017 |
S. sesban | Root | Vermifuge | East Africa | Root juice drunk once a day for 1–3 days | Haerdi, 1964 | |
S. sesban | Leaves or roots | Syphilis | Umunyegenyege | Burundi | Decoction | Ngezahayo et al., 2015 |
S. sesban | Leaves or roots | Tooth decay | Umunyegenyege | Burundi | Brush teeth with the decoction | Ngezahayo et al., 2015 |
S. sesban | Leaves or roots | Pneumonia | Umunyegenyege | Burundi | Calcined | Ngezahayo et al., 2015 |
S. sesban | Leaves | Leprosy | Tanzania | Leaf powder mixed with castor oil | Chhabra et al., 1990 | |
S. sesban | Leaves | Venereal diseases | Zuzuma | Tanzania | Pounded and soaked in cold or warm water | Maregesi et al., 2007 |
S. sesban | Flowers | Malaria | Uganda | Decoction | Namukobe et al., 2011 | |
S. sesban | Leaves and fruits | Sore throat, gonorrhea, and syphilis | Sudan | Elegami et al., 2001 | ||
S. sesban | Whole plants | Febrile convulsions in children | Muzimbandegeya | Uganda | Infused and drunk | Ssegawa & Kasenene, 2007 |
S. sesban subsp. punctata [as S. punctata] | Aerial parts | Fever related to malaria | Madagascar | Inhaling or drinking a decoction | Rasoanaivo et al., 1992 | |
Inflammation | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Fruits | Sinusitis | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Ripened fruits | Nadkarni, 1976 |
S. sesban | Leaves or roots | Sinusitis | Umunyegenyege | Burundi | Crushed and instilling the juice into the nose or drinking a decoction | Ngezahayo et al., 2015 |
Injuries | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Bark | Wounds | Khae Ban | Thailand | Niyomyat, 1999 | |
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Hemorrhage | Khae Ban | Thailand | Niyomyat, 1999 | |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Clean wounds and stop bleeding | Thailand | Decoction | Sairattanain, 2015 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Bruises | Thailand | Pounded finely, mixed with a little water and applied to bruises | Pongthornpruek, 2011 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Pus, abscesses, and suppuration | India | A poultice | Pushpangadan & Atal, 1986 | |
S. javanica | Leaves | Abscesses | Sano, Sano kin dok | Thailand | Pounded with saltpeter and soft-prepared chalk | Ngamsiri, 2015 |
S. sesban | Leaves | Suppuration | Champai, Jayante, Karijinangec | India | A poultice | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
S. sesban | Leaves | Suppuration and abscesses | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | A poultice | Nadkarni, 1976 |
S. sesban | Seeds | Relieve the pain of scorpion stings | Champai, Jayante, Karijinangec | India | Seed powder | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
S. sesban | Roots | Relieve the pain of scorpion stings | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | Made in the form of a paste | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Mental Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Root and leaves | Mental disorders | India | The ash dissolved in water and the strained water drunk along with magical incantation | Pushpangadan & Atal, 1986 | |
S. grandiflora | Seeds and flowers | Mental retardation | Chogache | India | Drink 20–25 g of ground seeds and eat 10–20 flowers until recovery | Laddimath & Rao, 2016 |
Muscular-Skeletal System Disorders | ||||||
S. sesban | Leaves | Rheumatoid arthritis | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | A poultice | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Neoplasms | ||||||
S. grandiflora [as Agati grandiflora] | Fruits | Tumorous growth | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Ripened fruits | Nadkarni, 1976 |
S. sesban | Whole plant | Throat cancer, uterine cancer, and skin cancer | Omukhule, Olukhulila mbusi, and Lohori | Kenya | Drink half a glass of a concoction twice a day for three weeks; besides, the whole plant pounded and applied on skin | Ochwang’i et al., 2014 |
Nervous System Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Leaf | Epilepsy | Bock phool | Bangladesh | Four teaspoons of its fresh leaf juice mixed with black pepper powder (Piper nigrum) and taken twice a day for 15–20 days | Rahmatullah et al., 2012 |
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Migraine treatment | Agasthi | India | Flower juice injected into the nostrils | Mallick et al., 2014 |
S. grandiflora | Seeds | Epilepsy | India | Crushed, mixed with cow urine and drunk | Borah & Prasad, 2017 | |
S. sesban | leaves | Epilepsy and madness in small children caused by headworm | Oyieko | Kenya | Pounded and breathed into noses | Geissler et al., 2002 |
Nutritional Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Stem bark | Merasmus | Korbokae | Thailand | Decoction | Thongdonair, 2003 |
Pain | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Roots | Toothache | Kae, Khae | Thailand | Sucked | Inta, 2008 |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Toothache | Thailand | Vanichkul, 2008 | ||
S. grandiflora | Bark | Toothache | Cambodia | Chewed | Chassagne et al., 2016 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Headache | Agathi | India | Leaf juice | Vijayakumar et al., 2015 |
S. grandiflora | Leaves and flowers | Headache | Bokful | Bangladesh | Taken orally | Islam et al., 2014 |
S. grandiflora | Leaves and flowers | Headache | Agasta, Agasthio, Agathd | India | Leaf juice and flower juice blown into nostrils | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
S. grandiflora | Leaves and flowers | Headache | Khae Ban | Thailand | Niyomyat, 1999 | |
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Headache | Agse mara, Agasatibak | India | Rajasab & Isaq, 2004 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves and flowers | Headache | Agastya | India | Two drops of flower or leaf juice put into the nostrils twice a day | Sahani & Mall, 2013 |
S. javanica [as S. paludosa] | Leaves | Toothache | Kaattu agathi | India | A paste | Ignacimuthu et al., 2008 |
S. sesban | Headache | India | Chellappandian et al., 2012 | |||
S. sesban | Flowers | Headache | Rawsan | India | Fried with clarified butter before eating | Sikarwar & Kaushik, 1993 |
S. virgata | Leaves | Vesicle pain and kidney pain | Bolivia | Squeezed in water or decocted and the extract taken orally | Bourdy et al., 2004 | |
Poisonings | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Fruits | Poisoning | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | |
S. grandiflora | Bites from cobras, vipers, kraits, and hump nosed vipers/anti-venom | Sri lanka | Dharmadasa et al., 2016 | |||
Pregnancy/Birth/Puerperium Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Postnatal care | Turi | Indonesia | Used for Bakera which is a herbal steam bath | Zumsteg & Weckerle, 2007 |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Postnatal care | Malaysia | Used in two formulations for postnatal caree | Jamal et al., 2011 | |
S. sesban | Leaves and flowers | Induce labor | Uganda | Chewed | Hamill et al., 2000 | |
Respiratory System Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Roots | Expectorant | Khae Ban | Thailand | Niyomyat, 1999 | |
S. grandiflora | Roots | Expectorant | Agasta, Agasthio, Agathd | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 | |
S. grandiflora | Roots | Expectorant | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves and flowers | Cough | India | Pullaiah et al., 2016 | ||
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Cough | Bock phool | Bangladesh | Two to three flowers fried in clarified butter and taken orally | Rahmatullah et al., 2012 |
S. pachycarpa | Roots | Cough | More | Burkina Faso | Macerated | Nadembega et al., 2011 |
S. sesban | Pulmonary diseases | India | Mutheeswaran et al., 2011 | |||
S. sesban | Leaves | Avian flu | Ethiopia | Crushed, homogenized in water and drunk | Wondimu et al., 2007 | |
Sensory System Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Bark | Cool eyes | Agathi | India | Decoction | Vijayakumar et al., 2015 |
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Itching and irritating eyes | India | Flower juice | Pushpangadan & Atal, 1986 | |
S. grandiflora | Flowers | An eye drop | Agse mara, Agasatibak | India | Flower juice | Rajasab & Isaq, 2004 |
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Improve eye sight | Agasthi | India | Mallick et al., 2014 | |
S. pachycarpa | Root | Eye ailments | More | Burkina Faso | Macerated | Nadembega et al., 2011 |
Skin/Subcutaneous Cellular Tissue Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Root bark | Swelling | Bokful | Bangladesh | A paste | Islam et al., 2014 |
S. grandiflora | Roots | Painful swellings | Agasta, Agasthio, Agathd | India | Paste applied to affected areas | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
S. grandiflora | Roots | Painful swellings | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Paste applied to affected areas | Nadkarni, 1976 |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Skin irritation | Agathi | India | Decoction | Vijayakumar et al., 2015 |
S. grandiflora | Stem bark | Pruritus | Tella sumintha | India | A paste | Padal et al., 2015 |
S. grandiflora | Bark | Pruritus | Bakphul | India | Bark juice | Adhikari et al., 2018 |
S. grandiflora | Stem bark | Pruritus | Avira | India | Padal & Sandhya, 2013 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Rashes | India | Leaf juice mixed with coconut milk | David & Sudarsanam, 2011 | |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Jaundice | India | Leaf extract | Datta et al., 2014 | |
S. grandiflora | Flowers | Infected skin | India | Crushed and mixed with curd and cheese | Saikia et al., 2006 | |
S. grandiflora | Fruits | Jaundice | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | |
S. sesban | Seeds and bark | Astringent | Champai, Jayante, Karijinangec | India | Seeds and juice of bark | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
S. sesban | Seeds and bark | Itch | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | An ointment | Nadkarni, 1976 |
S. sesban | Seeds and bark | Cutaneous eruptions | Jayantika, Jetrasin, Jayantib | India | An ointment and bark juice taken orally | Nadkarni, 1976 |
S. sesban | Dermatological ailments | India | Mutheeswaran et al., 2011 | |||
Unspecified Medical Disorders | ||||||
S. grandiflora | Roots | Wasting disease drugs | Korbokae | Thailand | Decocted with other ingredients (which were unspecified) | Thongdonair, 2003 |
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Body cooling | India | Boiled and the decoction mixed with buttermilk | Ayyanar & Ignacimuthu, 2011 | |
S. grandiflora | Reduce Pittam, Kapham, and induces Vayuf | Agasemara, Agasta, Agastyaa | India | Nadkarni, 1976 | ||
S. grandiflora | Leaves | Strange in the knees | India | Sivasankari et al., 2013 | ||
S. sesban | Leaves | Chira - a disease with AIDS-like symptoms (Ndege, 2001) | Oyieko | Kenya | Pounded, mixed with water and taken orally. | Geissler et al., 2002 |
S. sesban | Uganda | Tabuti et al., 2012 | ||||
Appendix 3: Scientific Plant Names Related to Sesbania
Alphabetical listing of all scientific names of plants mentioned in the review of the economic importance of Sesbania species. For each name the author is provided. The family of each species is listed following The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/).
Plant species | Family | Page |
|---|---|---|
Acorus calamus L. | Acoraceae | x |
Aesculus pavia L. | Sapindaceae | x |
Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv. (= Sesbania grandiflora) | Fabaceae | x |
Alyxia stellata Roem. & Schult. | Apocynaceae | x |
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. | Brassicaeae | x |
Brassica oleracea L. | Brassicaceae | x |
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (= B. oleracea) | Brassicaceae | x |
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze | Theaceae | x |
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. | Apiaceae | x |
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume | Lauraceae | x |
Crateva religiosa G.Forst. | Capparaceae | x |
Cucumis sativus L. | Cucurbitaceae | x |
Datura stramonium L. | Solanaceae | x |
Eugenia aromatica Kuntze | Myrtaceae | x |
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | Apiaceae | x |
Glottidium vesicarium (Jacq.) R.M.Harper (= Sesbania vesicaria) | Fabaceae | x |
Gossypium hirsutum L. | Malvaceae | x |
Hibiscus cannabinus L. | Malvaceae | x |
Illicium tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C.Sm. | Achisandraceae | x |
Lactuca sativa L. | Asteraceae | x |
Momordica charantia L. | Cucurbitaceae | x |
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit | Fabaceae | x |
Nigella sativa L. | Ranunculaceae | x |
Orthosiphon suffrutescens (Thonn.) J.K.Morton (= O. thymiflorus) | Lamiaceae | x |
Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen | Lamiaceae | x |
Oryza sativa L. | Poaceae | x |
Palaquium gutta (Hook.) Burck | Sapotaceae | x |
Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. | Apiaceae | x |
Piper sp. | Piperaceae | x |
Piper betle L. | Piperaceae | x |
Piper cubeba Bojer | Piperaceae | x |
Piper nigrum Beyr. ex Kunth | Piperaceae | x |
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. | Euphorbiaceae | x |
Rheum officinale Baill. | Polygonaceae | x |
Rubia tinctorum L. | Rubiaceae | x |
Sesbania aculeata (Schreb.) Pers. (= S. bispinosa) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania aegyptiaca Poir. (= S. sesban) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania arabica Steud. (= S. leptocarpa) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.Wight | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania cannabina var. floribunda Gagnep. (= S. cannabina) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania concolor J.B.Gillett | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania emerus (Aubl.) Urb. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory (= S. herbacea) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania greenwayi J.B.Gillett | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania hirtistyla J.B.Gillett | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania javanica Miq. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania keniensis J.B.Gillett | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania leptocarpa DC. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania longifolia DC. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania macrantha E. Phillips & Hutch. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania macrocarpa Raf. (= S. herbacea) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania microphylla E. Phillips & Hutch. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania pachycarpa DC. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania paludosa Prain (= S. javanica) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania pubescens DC. (= S. sericea) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania punctata DC. (= S. sesban subsp. punctata) | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania quadrata J.B.Gillett | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania rostrata Bremek. & Oberm. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania sericea (Willd.) Link | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania sesban var. bicolor (Wight & Arn.) F.W.Andrews | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania sesban var. nubica Chiov. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania sesban subsp. punctata (DC.) J.B.Gillett | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania somalensis J.B.Gillett | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania speciosa Taub. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania tetraptera Hochst. ex Baker | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania tomentosa Hook. & Arn. | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania vesicaria (Jacq.) Elliot | Fabaceae | x |
Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. | Fabaceae | x |
Solanum aculeastrum Dunal | Solanaceae | x |
Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | Orchidaceae | x |
Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. | Zingiberaceae | x |
Appendix 4: Microorganisms Related to Sesbania
Alphabetical listing of all scientific names of microorganisms and fungi mentioned in the review of the economic importance of Sesbania species. For each name the author is provided. The family of each species is listed following GBIF (http://www.gbif.org).
Microorganism species | Family | Related Sesbania species | Use Categories | Page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | ||||
Bacillus cereus Frankland & Frankland | Bacillaceae | S. sesban + | Infections | x |
Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn | Bacillaceae | S. grandiflora± , S. macrantha−, S. sesban var. nubica− | Infections | x |
Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes and Horder) Schleifer and Kilpper-Balz | Enterococcaceae | S. sesban − | Infections | x |
Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani & Chalmers | Enterobacteriaceae | S. bispinosa − , S. grandiflora ± , S. punicea − , S. sesban − | Infections | x |
Klebsiella oxytoca (Flügge) Lautrop | Enterobacteriaceae | S. sesban − | Infections | x |
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schroeter) Trevisan | Enterobacteriaceae | S. sesban + | Infections | x |
Mycobacterium smegmatis (Trevisan) Lehmann & Neumann | Mycobacteriaceae | S. macrantha−, S. sesban var. nubica− | Infections | x |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Zopf) Lehmann & Neumann | Mycobacteriaceae | S. grandiflora + | Infections | x |
Neisseria gonorrhea (Zopf) Trevisan | Neisseriaceae | S. macrantha+, S. sesban + | Infections | x |
Neisseria meningitides (Albrecht & Ghon) Murray | Neisseriaceae | S. macrantha+, S. sesban + | Infections | x |
Proteus vulgaris Hauser | Enterobacteriaceae | S. sesban − | Infections | x |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula | Pseudomonadaceae | S. grandiflora± , S. macrantha−, S. sesban−, S. sesban var. nubica | Infections | x |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum | Enterobacteriaceae | S. macrantha−, S. sesban var. nubica− | Infections | x |
Salmonella gallinarum [=Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum] | Enterobacteriaceae | S. macrantha−, S. sesban var. nubica− | Infections | x |
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B | Enterobacteriaceae | S. punicea + | Infections | x |
Salmonella paratyphi B [=Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B] | Enterobacteriaceae | S. punicea + | Infections | x |
Salmonella typhi (Schroeter) Warren & Scott | Enterobacteriaceae | S. grandiflora+, S. punicea + | Infections | x |
Salmonella typhimurium (Loeffler) Castellani & Chalmers | Enterobacteriaceae | S. sesban + | Infections | x |
Shigella flexneri Castellani & Chalmers | Enterobacteriaceae | S. punicea + | Infections | x |
Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach | Staphylococcaceae | S. bispinosa + , S. grandiflora± , S. punicea−, S. macrantha−, S. sesban+, S. sesban var. nubica− | Infections | x |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Fairbrother) Shaw & al. | Staphylococcaceae | S. sesban + | Infections | x |
Streptococcus agalactiae Lehmann & Neumann | Streptococcaceae | S. punicea + | Infections | x |
Streptococcus mutans Clarke | Streptococcaceae | S. punicea − | Infections | x |
Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach | Streptococcaceae | S. sesban − | Infections | x |
Vibrio cholera Pacini | Vibrionaceae | S. grandiflora + | Infections | x |
Fungi | ||||
Aspergillus niger Tiegh. | Trichocomaceae | S. grandiflora+, S. sesban ± | Infections | x |
Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. | Auriculariaceae | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses | x |
Candida albicans (C.P.Robin) Berkhout | Saccharomycetaceae | S. grandiflora± , S. macrantha−, S. sesban+, S. sesban var. nubica− | Infections | x |
Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. | Nectriaceae | S. bispinosa − | Infections | x |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C.Hansen | Saccharomycetaceae | S. bispinosa − | Infections | x |
Trichophyton rubrum (Castell.) Sabour. | Arthrodermataceae | S. sesban − | Infections | x |
Appendix 5: Animals Related to Uses of Sesbania
Alphabetical listing of all names of animals mentioned in the review of the economic importance of Sesbania species. For each name the author is provided.
Common name | Scientific names | Family | Related Sesbania species | Category | Page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ants | Oecophylla sp. | Formicidae | S. grandiflora | Digestive System Disorders | x |
Blood fluke | Schistosoma mansoni Sambon | Schistosomatidae | S. sesban | Infections | x |
Camel | Camelus sp. | Camelidae | S. quadrata, S. sericea, S. sesban var. nubica | Animal food | x |
Carp | Cyprinus carpio L. | Cyprinidae | S. bispinosa | Poisons | x |
Cattle | Bos taurus L. | Bovidae | S. bispinosa, S. cannabina, S. grandiflora, S. sericea, S. sesban var. nubica | Animal food, Veterinary medicine | x |
Chicken | Gallus gallus domesticus L. | Phasianidae | S. vesicaria | Poisons | x |
Donkey | Equus africanus asinus L. | Equidae | S. sericea, S. sesban var. nubica | Animal food | x |
Elephant | Loxodonta africana Blumenbach | Elephantidae | S. greenwayi, S. keniensis | Animal food | x |
Flying fox bat | Pteropus sp. | Pteropodidae | S. grandiflora | Animal food | x |
Goat | Capra aegagrus hircus L. | Bovidae | S. cannabina, S. emerus, S. quadrata, S. rostrata, S. sericea, S. sesban, S. sesban var. nubica | Animal food, Veterinary medicine | x |
Green stink bug | Chinavia hilaris Say | Pentatomidae | S. punicea | Other economic importance | x |
Guppy | Poecilia reticulate Peter | Poeciliidae | S. vesicaria | Poisons | x |
Minnow | Phoxinus phoxinus L. | Cyprinidae | S. vesicaria | Poisons | x |
Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne sp. | Meloidogynidae | S. grandiflora | Poisons | x |
Sheep | Ovis aries L. | Bovidae | S. bispinosa, S. cannabina, S. drummondii, S. grandiflora, S. quadrata, S. sericea, S. sesban, S. sesban var. nubica | Animal food, Veterinary medicine, Poisons | x |
Tick | Several species | Ixodidae, Argasidae, Nuttalliellidae | S. macrantha, S. sesban | Veterinary medicine | x |
Tilapia | Oreochromis niloticus L. | Cichlidae | S. bispinosa | Poisons | x |
Appendix 6: Common Names of Sesbania and Other Plants Related to Their Use
Alphabetical listing of all common names of plants mentioned in the review of the economic importance of Sesbania species providing a cross-reference to the scientific name and the origin of the common name.
Common name | Species | Country | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Agasemara | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Agashi | S. grandiflora | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Agasta | S. grandiflora | India | |
Agasthi | S. grandiflora | India | Mallick et al., 2014 |
Agasthio | S. grandiflora | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Agasti phool | S. grandiflora | India | Sinha & Lakra, 2005 |
Agastya | S. grandiflora | India | |
Agastoya | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Agath | S. grandiflora | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Agathi | S. grandiflora | India | Shanmugam et al., 2011; Sarvalingam et al., 2015; Vijayakumar et al., 2015 |
Agathi keerai | S. grandiflora | India | Arinathan et al., 2007 |
Agathiyo | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Agati-keerai | S. grandiflora | Sri Lanka | Dasanayake & Fosberg, 1991 |
Agatti | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Agasatibak | S. grandiflora | India | Rajasab & Isaq, 2004 |
Agse mara | S. grandiflora | India | Rajasab & Isaq, 2004 |
Akatti | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Akatti | S. grandiflora | Sri Lanka | Dasanayake & Fosberg, 1991 |
Aneesay | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Argati | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Athi | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Avira | S. grandiflora | India | Padal & Sandhya, 2013 |
Avisa | S. grandiflora | India | |
Avisachettu | S. grandiflora | India | Padal et al., 2013 |
Avisi | S. grandiflora | India | |
Bak | S. grandiflora | India | |
Bakphul | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976; Bandyopadhyay & Mukherjee, 2009; Adhikari et al., 2018 |
Basna | S. grandiflora | India | |
Bock phool | S. grandiflora | Bangladesh | Rahmatullah et al., 2012 |
Bokful | S. grandiflora | Bangladesh | Islam et al., 2014 |
Buko | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Cecego | S. pachycarpa | Niger | Glew et al., 2005 |
Champai | S. sesban | India | |
Chogache | S. grandiflora | India | Laddimath & Rao, 2016 |
Daəm ɒŋkiə dey | S. grandiflora | Cambodia | Martin, 1971 |
Daəm snao | S. javanica | Cambodia | Martin, 1971 |
Dhaincha | S. sesban | India | Upadhyay et al., 2011 |
Diang piang | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Srithi, 2012 |
Dok kare | S. grandiflora | Thailand | |
Dok khanoo | S. javanica | Thailand | Tovaranonte, 2003 |
Gelou̽gai | S. grandiflora | China | Pei, 1985 |
Getih | S. grandiflora | Malaysia | Corner, 1940 |
Hadaga | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Hathia | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Jaint | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Jaintar | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Jalugu | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Janjan | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Janter | S. sesban | Pakistan | Shah & Rahim, 2017 |
Jaya | S. sesban | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Jayante | S. sesban | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Jayanti | S. sesban | India | |
Jayantika | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Jet | S. sesban | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Jetrasin | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Kaattu agathi | S. javanica | India | Ignacimuthu et al., 2008 |
Kachang turi | S. grandiflora | Malaysia | Corner, 1940 |
Karijeenange | S. sesban | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Karijeenangi-mara | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Karumsembai | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Katirai | S. grandiflora | Philippines | Abe & Ohtani, 2013 |
Katuday | S. grandiflora | Philippines | Bodner & Gereau, 1988 |
Katuru murunga | S. grandiflora | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Katuru-murunga | S. grandiflora | Sri Lanka | Dasanayake & Fosberg, 1991 |
Kae | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Inta, 2008 |
Kayu ambun | S. bispinosa | Indonesia | |
Kedangu | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Khae | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Thongpairojn, 1999; Upho, 2005; Inta, 2008; Srisopa, 2008; Yooyen, 2012; Muangyen, 2013 |
Khae baan | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Smitinand, 1990; Ponpim, 1996; Tangtragoon, 1998; Niyomyat, 1999; Thongpairojn, 1999; Humphanon et al., 2002; Chumnasiao, 2004; Tangtragoon et al., 2004; Srisopa, 2008; Oundech, 2009; Junkhonkaen, 2012; Ngamsiri, 2015 |
Khae dok khao | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 |
Khae dok daeng | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Ngamsiri, 2015 |
Khae khao | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Tovaranonte, 2001 |
Korbokae | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Thongdonair, 2003 |
Lohori | S. sesban | Kenya | Ochwang’i et al., 2014 |
Lum dok kae | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Srithi, 2012 |
Mbondo | S. microphylla | Tanzania | Moshi et al., 2012 |
Mokgabane | S. punicea | South Africa | Semenya et al., 2012 |
More | S. pachycarpa | Burkina Faso | Nadembega et al., 2011 |
Mostaza | S. emerus | Ecuardor | Madsen et al., 2001 |
Mostaza de Monte | S. emerus | Ecuardor | Madsen et al., 2001 |
Msenga | S. microphylla | Tanzania | Moshi et al., 2012 |
Muwoganyanja | S. grandiflora | Uganda | Lamorde et al., 2010 |
Muzimbandegeya | S. sesban | Uganda | Ssegawa & Kasenene, 2007 |
Muzimbandeya | S. sesban | Uganda | Tugume et al., 2016 |
Nadeyi | S. sesban | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Nallasominta | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Ntatembwa | S. grandiflora | Uganda | Lamorde et al., 2010 |
Olukhulila mbusi | S. sesban | Kenya | Ochwang’i et al., 2014 |
Omukhule | S. sesban | Kenya | Ochwang’i et al., 2014 |
Oyieko | S. sesban | Kenya | Geissler et al., 2002 |
Phak hong haeng | S. javanica | Thailand | Srisopa, 2008 |
Rang dok kae | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Tangtragoon, 1998 |
Rasin | S. sesban | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Ravasin | S. grandiflora | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Rawsan | S. sesban | India | Sikarwar & Kaushik, 1993 |
Sano | S. javanica | Thailand | Pongpangan & Poobrasert, 1972; Srisopa, 2008; Ngamsiri, 2015 |
Sano kin dok | S. javanica | Thailand | |
Sano hin | S. javanica | Thailand | Srisopa, 2008 |
Shevari | S. sesban | India | |
Sishiban | S. sesban | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Sithagathi | S. sesban | India | Nadkarni, 1976 |
Somanti | S. sesban | India | |
Sthulapushpa | S. grandiflora | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Tchetcheko | S. pachycarpa | Niger | Glew et al., 2005 |
Tella sumintha | S. grandiflora | India | Padal et al., 2015 |
Theya | S. sesban | India | Chander et al., 2015 |
Tood rang jaak | S. grandiflora | Thailand | Srithi, 2012 |
Toori | S. grandiflora | Indonesia | |
Toroj | S. grandiflora | Indonesia | Ochse & van den Brink, 1977 |
Turi | S. grandiflora | Indonesia | Shurtleff & Aoyagi, 1979; Zumsteg & Weckerle, 2007; Caruso et al., 2013 |
Turi | S. grandiflora | Malaysia | Corner, 1940 |
Umunyegenyege | S. sesban | Burundi | Ngezahayo et al., 2015 |
Vaija Yanta | S. sesban | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Vranari | S. grandiflora | India | Khory & Katrak, 1903 |
Zuzuma | S. sesban | Tanzania | Maregesi et al., 2007 |
Appendix 7: Chemical Constituents of Economic Sesbania Species
Alphabetical listing of all chemical constituents mentioned in the review of the economic importance of Sesbania species. For each constituent the Sesbania species that contains it is mentioned, and the use-category is mentioned.
Chemical constituent | Related Sesbania species | Category |
|---|---|---|
1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy-N-pentadecanamide | S. bispinosa | Inflammation |
2-hydroxy-N-decanamide | S. bispinosa | Inflammation |
Alkaloids | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Alkaloids | S. herbacea | Nutritional Disorders |
Alkaloids | S. rostrata | Nutritional Disorders |
Alkaloids | S. sesban | Nutritional Disorders |
Amino acids | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Amino acids | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Anthocyanin | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Ascorbate peroxidase | S. drummondii | Environmental uses |
Betulinic acid | S. grandiflora | Infections |
Calcium | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Calcium | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Calcium | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Carbohydrate | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Carotene | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Carotenoid | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Catechin | S. virgata | Other economic importance |
Chlorophyll | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Cobalt | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Copper | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Copper | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Fat | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Fatty acids | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Flavonoids | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Glutathione | S. drummondii | Environmental uses |
Glutathione reductase | S. drummondii | Environmental uses |
Glycosides | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Iron | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Iron | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Iron | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Isovestitol | S. grandiflora | Infections |
L-Dopa | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Linoleic acid | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Linoleic acid | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Lipid | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Lipid | S. herbacea | Nutritional Disorders |
Lipid | S. rostrata | Human food |
Lipid | S. rostrata | Nutritional Disorders |
Lipid | S. sesban | Human food |
Lipid | S. sesban | Nutritional Disorders |
Lutein | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Lutein | S. grandiflora | Sensory System Disorders |
Magnesium | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Magnesium | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Manganese | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Manganese | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Medicarpin | S. grandiflora | Infections |
Neoxanthin | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Oleanolic acid 3-β-D-glucuronide | S. sesban | Genitourinary System Disorders |
Oxalate | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Phenolic acid | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Phenols | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Phenols | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Phenols | S. rostrata | Human food |
Phenols | S. sesban | Human food |
Phosphorus | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Phosphorus | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Phytate | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Phytate | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Phytate | S. javanica | Human food |
Phytate | S. rostrata | Human food |
Phytate | S. sesban | Human food |
Pinitol | S. bispinosa | Endocrine System Disorders |
Polyphenols | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Potassium | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Potassium | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Protein | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Protein | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Protein | S. javanica | Human food |
Protein | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Protein | S. rostrata | Human food |
Protein | S. sesban | Human food |
Saponin | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Saponin | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Saponin | S. rostrata | Human food |
Saponin | S. sesban | Human food |
Saponin | S. sesban | Inflammation |
Saponin | S. vesicaria | Poison |
Saponin | S. vesicaria | Neoplasms |
Sativan | S. grandiflora | Infections |
Sesbanimide | S. bispinosa | Other economic importance |
Sesbanimide | S. drummondii | Neoplasms |
Sesbanimide | S. punicea | Neoplasms |
Sesbanimide | S. punicea | Other economic importance |
Sesbanimide | S. vesicaria | Neoplasms |
Sodium | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Sodium | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Starch | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Starch | S. rostrata | Human food |
Stigmasterol | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Stigmasterol | S. bispinosa | Endocrine System Disorders, Muscular-Skeletal System Disorders |
Stigmasterol | S. grandiflora | Endocrine System Disorders, Muscular-Skeletal System Disorders |
Superoxide dismutase | S. drummondii | Environmental uses |
Tannin | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Tannin | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Tannin | S. grandiflora | Digestive System Disorders, Neoplasms |
Tannin | S. javanica | Human food |
Tannin | S. javanica | Digestive System Disorders |
Tannin | S. rostrata | Human food |
Tannin | S. sesban | Human food |
Tannin | S. sesban | Neoplasms |
Thiols | S. drummondii | Environmental uses |
Triterpene acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside | S. bispinosa | Inflammation |
Violaxanthin | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Vitamin B1 | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Vitamin B2 | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Vitamin C | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Vitamin C | S. javanica | Human food |
Zeaxanthin | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Zeaxanthin | S. grandiflora | Sensory System Disorders |
Zinc | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Zinc | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
α-linoleic acid | S. grandiflora | Human food |
α-linoleic acid | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
β-carotene | S. grandiflora | Human food |
β-sitosterol | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Appendix 8: Geographic Distribution of Uses of Sesbania Species
Alphabetical listing of all countries mentioned (by continent) in the review of the economic importance of Sesbania species. For each country the name of the used species and the use category are mentioned.
Country | Species | Categorya |
|---|---|---|
Africa | ||
Burkina Faso | S. pachycarpa | CSD, GSD, Infe, RSD, SSD |
Burundi | S. sesban | Infe, Infl |
Ethiopia | S. somalensis | Animal food |
Ethiopia | S. sesban | RSD |
Ethiopia | S. sesban | Environmental uses |
Kenya | S. macrantha | Vet |
Kenya | S. sericea | Animal food |
Kenya | S. sesban | Neo, NSD, UMD, Vet |
Kenya | S. sesban var. nubica | Animal food |
Madagascar | S. sesban subsp. punctata | Infe |
Senegal | S. pachycarpa | Human food |
Senegal | S. sericea | Human food |
Somalia | S. quadrata | Animal food |
Somalia | S. somalensis | Animal food |
South Africa | S. punicea | GSD |
Sudan | S. leptocarpa | Other economic importance |
Sudan | S. sesban | Infe |
Tanzania | S. keniensis | Animal food |
Tanzania | S. keniensis | Environmental uses |
Tanzania | S. hirtistyla | Abn |
Tanzania | S. microphylla | Infe |
Tanzania | S. sesban | Infe |
Uganda | S. grandiflora | Infe |
Uganda | S. sesban | CSD, DSD, ESD, Infe, PD, UMD |
Zambia | S. greenwayi | Animal food |
Asia | ||
Bangladesh | S. grandiflora | Infe, NSD, Pa, RSD, SCTD |
Cambodia | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Cambodia | S. grandiflora | DSD, Pa |
Cambodia | S. javanica | Human food |
Cambodia | S. javanica | Infe |
Cambodia | S. javanica | Environmental uses |
China | S. grandiflora | Human food |
China | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses |
India | S. bispinosa | Vet |
India | S. bispinosa | Environmental uses |
India | S. cannabina | Human food |
India | S. cannabina | Animal food |
India | S. cannabina | Environmental uses |
India | S. concolor | Other economic importance |
India | S. grandiflora | Human food |
India | S. grandiflora | Animal food |
India | S. grandiflora | DSD, GSD, Infe, Infl, Inj, MD, Neo, NSD, Pa, Po, RSD, SSD, SCTD, UMD, Vet |
India | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses |
India | S. grandiflora | Fuel |
India | S. grandiflora | Social uses |
India | S. javanica | Pa |
India | S. sesban | Human food |
India | S. sesban | ESD, GSD, Infe, Inj, MSSD, Pa, RSD, SCTD, Vet |
India | S. sesban | Environmental uses |
India | S. sesban | Fuel |
India | S. sesban subsp. punctata | Human food |
India | S. sesban var. bicolor | Environmental uses |
India | S. speciosa | Environmental uses |
Indonesia | S. bispinosa | Infe |
Indonesia | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Indonesia | S. grandiflora | Animal food |
Indonesia | S. grandiflora | PD, Vet |
Indonesia | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses |
Indonesia | S. grandiflora | Fuel |
Indonesia | S. grandiflora | Other economic importance |
Indonesia | S. sesban | Environmental uses |
Iraq | S. cannabina | Environmental uses |
Malaysia | S. bispinosa | Human food |
Malaysia | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Malaysia | S. grandiflora | PD |
Malaysia | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses |
Myanmar | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Myanmar | S. sesban | Environmental uses |
Pakistan | S. concolor | Other economic importance |
Pakistan | S. sesban | Infe |
Philippines | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Philippines | S. grandiflora | DSD |
Philippines | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses |
Sri Lanka | S. grandiflora | Animal food |
Sri Lanka | S. grandiflora | Po |
Thailand | S. grandiflora | Human food |
Thailand | S. grandiflora | Animal food |
Thailand | S. grandiflora | Poisons |
Thailand | S. grandiflora | Abn, CSD, DSD, Infe, Inj, ND, Pa, RSD, UMD |
Thailand | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses |
Thailand | S. javanica | Human food |
Thailand | S. javanica | Inj |
Thailand | S. speciosa | Human food |
Vietnam | S. cannabina | Environmental uses |
Australia | ||
Australia | S. cannabina | Other economic importance |
Australia | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses |
Fiji | S. cannabina | Environmental uses |
Fiji | S. grandiflora | Environmental uses |
Papua New Guinea | S. speciosa | Other economic importance |
North America | ||
Mexico | S. longifolia | Human food |
USA | S. drummondii | Other economic importance |
USA | S. herbacea | Environmental uses |
USA | S. herbacea | Other economic importance |
USA | S. punicea | Other economic importance |
USA | S. sesban | Fuel |
USA | S. tomentosa | Environmental uses |
South America | ||
Bolivia | S. virgata | Pa |
Ecuador | S. emerus | Animal food |
Ecuador | S. emerus | Animal food |
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Bunma, S., Balslev, H. A Review of the Economic Botany of Sesbania (Leguminosae). Bot. Rev. 85, 185–251 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-019-09205-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-019-09205-y