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Silicon nanoparticles improved the osmolyte production, antioxidant defense system, and phytohormone regulation in Elymus sibiricus (L.) under drought and salt stress

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Abstract

Drought and salt stress negatively influence the growth and development of various plant species. Thus, it is crucial to overcome these stresses for sustainable agricultural production and the global food chain. Therefore, the present study investigated the potential effects of exogenous silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the physiological and biochemical parameters, and endogenous phytohormone contents of Elymus sibiricus under drought and salt stress. Drought stress was given as 45% water holding capacity, and salt stress was given as 120 mM NaCl. The seed priming was done with different SiNP concentrations: SiNP1 (50 mg L−1), SiNP2 (100 mg L−1), SiNP3 (150 mg L−1), SiNP4 (200 mg L−1), and SiNP5 (250 mg L−1). Both stresses imposed harmful impacts on the analyzed parameters of plants. However, SiNP5 increased the chlorophylls and osmolyte accumulation such as total proteins by 96% and 110% under drought and salt stress, respectively. The SiNP5 significantly decreased the oxidative damage and improved the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and APX by 10%, 54%, 104%, and 211% under drought and 42%, 75%, 72%, and 215% under salt stress, respectively. The SiNPs at all concentrations considerably improved the level of different phytohormones to respond to drought and salt stress and increased the tolerance of Elymus plants. Moreover, SiNPs decreased the Na+ and increased K+ concentrations in Elymus suggesting the reduction in salt ion accumulation under salinity stress. Overall, exogenous application (seed priming/dipping) of SiNPs considerably enhanced the physio-biochemical and metabolic responses, resulting in an increased tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Therefore, this study could be used as a reference to further explore the impacts of SiNPs at molecular and genetic level to mitigate abiotic stresses in forages and related plant species.

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Funding

This study was supported by the earmarked fund for CARS (CARS-34), Leading Scientist Project of Gansu Province (23ZDAK013), Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Projects (22ZD6NA007), and the Foreign Youth Talent Project (QN2022175009L).

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  1. Imran Khan and Samrah Afzal Awan contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China

    Imran Khan, Wang Huizhi & Wengang Xie

  2. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China

    Samrah Afzal Awan

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Rizwan

  4. Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Zaid Ulhassan

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  1. Imran Khan
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Contributions

IK: conceptualization, writing original draft, methodology, formal analyses. SAA: writing original draft, formal analyses. MR: visualization, review and editing. WH: software, investigation. ZU: review, editing. WX: supervision, funding acquisition, review and editing, contributed to review and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Wengang Xie.

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Khan, I., Awan, S.A., Rizwan, M. et al. Silicon nanoparticles improved the osmolyte production, antioxidant defense system, and phytohormone regulation in Elymus sibiricus (L.) under drought and salt stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 8985–8999 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31730-y

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