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Clausena anisata and Dysphania ambrosioides essential oils: from ethno-medicine to modern uses as effective insecticides

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Abstract

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Amaranthaceae) and Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f. ex Benth. (Rutaceae) are two aromatic species traditionally used in Cameroon to repel and kill insects. The present work was carried out to substantiate this traditional use and to evaluate the possible incorporation in commercial botanical insecticides of their essential oils (EOs). The EOs were distilled from leaves of C. anisata and aerial parts of D. ambrosioides and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The insecticidal activity of both EOs was investigated against the filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, and the housefly, Musca domestica. As possible mode of action, the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by the two EOs was investigated as well. The D. ambrosioides EO was characterized by the monoterpene peroxide ascaridole (61.4%) and the aromatic p-cymene (29.0%), whereas the C. anisata EO was dominated by the phenylpropanoids (E)-anethole (64.6%) and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (16.1%). The C. anisata EO proved to be very toxic to third instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus showing LC50 of 29.3 μl/l, whereas D. ambrosioides EO was more toxic to adults of M. domestica showing a LD50 of 51.7 μg/adult. The mixture of both EOs showed a significant synergistic effect against mosquito larvae with LC50 estimated as 19.3 μl/l, whereas this phenomenon was not observed upon application to M. domestica adults (LD50 = 75.9 μg/adult). Of the two EOs, the D. ambrosioides one provided a good inhibition of AChE (IC50 = 77 μg/ml), whereas C. anisata oil was not effective. These findings provide new evidences supporting the ethno-botanical use of these two Cameroonian plants, and their possible application even in synergistic binary blends, to develop new eco-friendly, safe and effective herbal insecticides.

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Acknowledgments

Roman Pavela would like to thank the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic for its financial support concerning botanical pesticide and basic substances research (Project No. RO0417). Filippo Maggi is grateful to the University of Camerino (Fondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca, FAR 2014/2015, FPI 000044) for financial support.

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Author notes

  1. Roman Pavela and Filippo Maggi contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Roman Pavela

  2. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

    Filippo Maggi & Giulio Lupidi

  3. Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

    Hélène Mbuntcha, Verlaine Woguem & Léon Azefack Tapondjou

  4. Laboratory of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

    Hélène Mbuntcha, Verlaine Woguem & Hilaire Macaire Womeni

  5. School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

    Luciano Barboni

  6. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Giovanni Benelli

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  1. Roman Pavela
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Contributions

The contributions of the respective authors are as follows: R. Pavela (pavela@vurv.cz) performed the insecticidal experiments; F. Maggi (filippo.maggi@unicam.it) interpreted data and drafted the manuscript; G. Lupidi (giulio.lupidi@unicam.it) determined the anti-AChE and antioxidant activity; H. Mbuntcha (helenembuntcha@yahoo.fr), V. Woguem (woverly91@yahoo.fr) and H.M. Womeni (womeni@yahoo.fr) collected the plant material and hydrodistilled the EOs; L. Barboni (luciano.barboni@unicam.it) performed the chemical analyses; L.A. Tapondjou (tapondjou2001@yahoo.fr) collected ethno-botanical information and drafted the manuscript; G. Benelli (benelli.giovanni@gmail.com) conceived the research, interpreted and analyzed the data, drafted and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Giovanni Benelli.

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Pavela, R., Maggi, F., Lupidi, G. et al. Clausena anisata and Dysphania ambrosioides essential oils: from ethno-medicine to modern uses as effective insecticides. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 10493–10503 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0267-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0267-9

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