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The rise and fall of Vicia calcarata Desf.

  • Notes on Neglected & Underutilized Crops
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Abstract

The chief subject of this brief overview is a vetch species, once distinguished as Vicia calcarata Desf. and currently regarded as V. monantha Retz. subsp. triflora (Ten.) B. L. Burtt & P. Lewis, but we prefer to distinguish this taxon at species level as Vicia calcarata. It is a volunteer plant occurring regularly on ruderal sites in the local floras of the coastal and maritime areas of the Mediterranean Basin, and sporadically happens to be cultivated in fields. It has a more robust growth habit than V. monantha subsp. monantha, with usually three flowers per peduncle and larger seeds, rather constant morphological traits. In situ and on-farm observations on V. calcarata are scarce, relating mostly to the southern mainland of Italy and its islands, Spain, North Africa and Syria, where it is found in forests, grasslands, wheat fields, ruderal soils and along roadsides. On a global scale, there are 91 accessions of V. calcarata in six ex situ genebank collections in Alcalá de Henares, Bari, Beirut, Gatersleben, Sadovo and St. Petersburg. In a series of ex situ field trials in Novi Sad, twelve accessions of V. calcarata produced average yields of 6.3 t ha−1 of forage dry matter and 1100 kg ha−1 of seed. There are promising perspectives for developing cultivars of V. calcarata, since the available divergence offers a solid basis for crop improvement. After a long fall, a novel rise of V. calcarata is yet to come.

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Acknowledgements

All the copyrights of the photographs used in this manuscript are credited exclusively to Divina Aparicio of Biodiversidad Virtual, Dror Melamed of Wild Flowers of Israel, Raimundo C. S. with Herbario virtual de Banyeres de Mariola y Alicante, Earth.com, José María Escolano, Flora Italiana of Altervista, Santiago González Terregrosa of Apatita, Franck Le Driant of FloreAlpes, PROTA4U, Marina Rybka of Plantarium, L. Reed of Flora Italiana–Plants of Italy and Alexey Sergeev of Flora of Qatar. The authors express a very special gratitude to the curator of the IPK Herbarium, Dr. Klaus Pistrick, who made the material relating to V. calcarata available to study for this article. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Peter Hanelt (5 February 1930–21 October 2019), a teacher and a friend, the first Editor-in Chief of Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (1992–2000).

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  1. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany

    Karl Hammer

  2. Ökologische Agrarwissenschaften, Universität Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany

    Karl Hammer

  3. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy

    Gaetano Laghetti

  4. University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Rita Accogli

  5. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Velimir Radić & Branko Milošević

  6. Novi Sad, Serbia

    Aleksandar Mikić

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Hammer, K., Laghetti, G., Accogli, R. et al. The rise and fall of Vicia calcarata Desf.. Genet Resour Crop Evol 68, 381–395 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01004-4

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