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Genetic diversity of Tulipa suaveolens (Liliaceae) and its evolutionary relationship with early cultivars of T. gesneriana

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Abstract

Polychromatic Tulipa suaveolens occurs over a vast territory ranging from the Crimea to eastern Kazakhstan. Its phylogenetic relationship to cultivated T. gesneriana is still under discussion. We used sequences from the psbE–petL region of chloroplast DNA and the complete internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA to examine the genetic variability of T. suaveolens specimens from European Russia and the adjoining regions. Our data set also included 8 varieties of cultivated T. gesneriana. The research on biogeographic patterns of plastid haplotype and nuclear ribotype distribution provides evidence that their origin and dispersal over the Lower and Middle Volga Region are linked to the Khazar or Early Khvalynian transgression of the Caspian Sea and subsequent events. In the Crimea and the adjacent regions, the pattern of haplotypes’ distribution indicates that their origin and expansion may be linked to the Karangat transgression of the Black Sea and the subsequent New Euxinian regression. Based on our results, we propose that T. suaveolens is the likeliest wild ancestor of early T. gesneriana.

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Acknowledgements

The reported study was funded by Russian Fund for Basic Research (RFBR), Project Number 16-04-00142. The authors wish to thank the curators of Herbarium of Lomonosov Moscow State University, especially Aleksey P. Seregin, and the curators of Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, especially Suzanne Cubey, for donation of herbarium specimens. We also thank Nina N. Danilina and Polina S. Klyuchnikova of Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Science for indispensable advice and donation of T. gesneriana cultivars. Our sincere thanks go to Nataly Snegovaya of Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences for the help in collection of T. julia specimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botanic Garden, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str., 83, Saratov, Russian Federation, 410012

    Tatyana A. Kritskaya & Alexander S. Kashin

  2. Research Centre for the Study of Biodiversity, Kostanay State Pedagogical University, Tauelsizdik Str., 118, 110000, Kostanay, Kazakhstan

    Yuri V. Perezhogin

  3. Mountain Botanical Garden of the Dagestan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Gadgiev Str., 45, Makhachkala, Russian Federation, 367000

    Ramazan A.  Murtazaliev & Dzhalaludin M. Anatov

  4. Botanical Garden of the University of Osnabrück, Albrecht Str., 29, 490776, Osnabrück, Germany

    Nikolai Friesen

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical and Natural Sciences, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Izmailovsky Boulevard, 8, Moscow, Russian Federation, 105043

    Nikolai Friesen

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  1. Tatyana A. Kritskaya
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Correspondence to Tatyana A. Kritskaya.

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Online Resource 1. Geographic origin, GenBank accession numbers, ITS and cpDNA haplotypes and flower colour in the investigated specimens Tulipa suaveolens.

Online Resource 2. The administrative map of the sampling points of Tulipa suaveolens.

Online Resource 3. Phylogenetic tree resulting from a Bayesian analyses of the cpDNA haplotypes of Tulipa suaveolens. Tulipa julia were used as outgroup taxa.

Online Resource 4. A map of the sampling points and the barriers between the groups of populations of Tulipa suaveolens defined by SAMOVA.

Online Resource 5. Phylogenetic tree resulting from a Bayesian analyses of the ITS sequences of the genus Tulipa. Species from the related genus Erythronium were used as outgroup taxa.

Online Resource 6. Divergence time estimates and ancestral range reconstruction (M1) for the Tulipa suaveolens based on ITS sequences of 19 taxa. Maximum clade credibility tree for divergence times with mean substitution rate according to Kay et al. (2006).

Online Resource 7. Extra large specimens of Tulipa suaveolens found in natural population.

Online Resource 8. Overview photographs of some natural populations of Tulipa suaveolens. Detailed information on each of the populations is available in Online resource 1.

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Kritskaya, T.A., Kashin, A.S., Perezhogin, Y.V. et al. Genetic diversity of Tulipa suaveolens (Liliaceae) and its evolutionary relationship with early cultivars of T. gesneriana. Plant Syst Evol 306, 33 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01667-7

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