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Molecular evidence in Diplotaxis (Brassicaceae) suggests a Quaternary origin of the Cape Verdean flora

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Abstract

In comparison with other Macaronesian Islands (e.g., the Canary Islands), the Cape Verde Islands have received little attention in terms of plant molecular phylogenetic studies, which might also elucidate the general floristic history of this archipelago. The Cape Verdean vascular plant flora (ca. 12% endemics) has traditionally been regarded as relict of a former subtropical Tertiary flora. In contrast, it has been postulated more recently that the flora is much younger and of Pleistocene origin. To test these hypotheses, we have produced molecular phylogenies associated with a molecular clock approach, sampling all nine Cape Verdean endemic Diplotaxis taxa and 21 accessions representing the D. harra complex from across its distributional range. Analyzing three molecular markers from the nuclear and chloroplast genome, we provide evidence that the Cape Verdean endemic Diplotaxis originated from North African D. harra populations in Pleistocene times, putatively linked to the genesis of the (western) Sahara. This adds to the emerging picture that the present Cape Verdean flora is of Pleistocene origin.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Gómez-Campo Collection, the Herbaria B, TUB, and OSBU for supplying plant material. We would particularly like to thank Wolfram Lobin for kindly providing specimens of the Cape Verdean endemic Diplotaxis taxa. Ulrike Coja and Rudi Grupe are acknowledged for technical assistance, Mike Thiv, Nicolai Nürk and Dario I. Ojeda for discussion and Øyvind Rustan for providing photos of some Cape Verdean endemic Diplotaxis taxa. We are indebted to Ricardo S. Ramalho for advice and help in writing the island age chapter. We thank Graham Muir and Lucille Schmieding for help in correcting the English text. Finally, we thank the reviewers for their valuable comments which helped to improve the quality of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heidelberg Botanic Garden, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 361, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Andreas Franzke

  2. Klinikum Augsburg, Institut für Transfusionsmedizin und Hämostaseologie, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany

    Bibi-Rana Sharif Samani

  3. Department of Biology, Botany, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany

    Barbara Neuffer, Klaus Mummenhoff & Herbert Hurka

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  1. Andreas Franzke
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  2. Bibi-Rana Sharif Samani
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  3. Barbara Neuffer
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  4. Klaus Mummenhoff
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  5. Herbert Hurka
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Franzke.

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Handling editor: Martin Lysak.

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Alignment of ITS sequences (TXT 13 kb)

Full ITS tree (PDF 16 kb)

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Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Online Resource 1: Alignment of ITS sequences.

Online Resource 2: Full ITS tree.

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Franzke, A., Sharif Samani, BR., Neuffer, B. et al. Molecular evidence in Diplotaxis (Brassicaceae) suggests a Quaternary origin of the Cape Verdean flora. Plant Syst Evol 303, 467–479 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1384-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1384-5

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