Tribulus terrestris L.

Accepted

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🗒 Synonyms

synonym	Tribulus acanthococcus F. Müll.
synonym	Tribulus albus Poir.
synonym	Tribulus bicornutus Fisch. & Mey.
synonym	Tribulus bimucronatus Viv.
synonym	Tribulus gussonii Todaro & Pirain. ex Parl.
synonym	Tribulus humifusus Schum. & Thonn.
synonym	Tribulus kotschyanus Boiss.
synonym	Tribulus micans Welw.
synonym	Tribulus murex C.Presl
synonym	Tribulus muricatus Stokes
synonym	Tribulus nogalensis Chiov.

🗒 Common Names

Assamese	Goksharu
English	Bullhead Caltrop Cat´s-Head Devil´s-Thorn Devil´s-Weed Goats Head Land caltrops Puncture Plant Puncture Vine Tribulus
Hin	Gokhru
Irula	Nerunji
Malayalam	Mulluringi Nerunji Njerinjil
Other	Caltrop Cinnpalleru (Telugu) Goathead Gokharu गोखरू (Hindi) Gokhru Kanta (Bengali) Gokhru (Urdu) Mulluringi Negul Nerinnii (Malayalam) Njeringil Puncture Vine Yellow Vine பல்லேரு முள்ளு Palleru-mullu (Tamil)
Tamil	Nerinji Nerinji Sanna neggilu -Ka

📚 Overview

Overview

Summary

Herb

Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.

Attributions	Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Brief

Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Herb

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Diagnostic

Diagnostic Keys

Description

Prostrate silky herbs. Leaves opposite, imparipinnate; leaflets opposite, 4-5 pairs, 1.5 x 0.7 cm, oblong; petiole to 7 mm, petiolule 1 mm, stipules 2-3 in cluster,ff persistent. Flowers axillary, 1 or 2, golden yellow, 2 cm across; pedicels to 3 cm,; sepals 5, 5 mm, linear; petals 5, 7 x 4 mm; stamens 10, filaments dilated at base, disc 10-lobed; ovary 5-lobed, hirsute with bulbous hairs; stigmas 5. Fruit 1 cm across, globose, 5-angled, cocci 5, woody, each with a pair of divaricate spines.

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Habit: A small prostrate herb, tupo 30cm.

Keystone Foundation

Attributions	Keystone Foundation
Contributors	Keystone Foundation
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Habit: Prostrate herb

G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram

Attributions	G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Contributors	Sanjana Julias Thilakar G Renu D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

SubSpecies Varieties Races

Diagnostic Keys

Description

No Data

📚 Nomenclature and Classification

Nomenclature and Classification

Taxon Record Name

References

Type Information

No Data

📚 Natural History

Natural History

Life Cycle

Cyclicity

Flowering and fruiting: October-December

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Growth Form

Herb

Flower

In axillary, solitary; yellow. Flowering from January-April.

Fruit

A 5-angled schizocarp, woody, each with a pair of unequal spines; seed solitary per coccus. Fruiting throughout the year.

Field tips

Branchlets and leaves densely white sericeous.

Leaf Arrangement

Subopposite

Leaf Type

Paripinnate

Leaf Shape

Oblong

Leaf Apex

Acute-mucronate

Leaf Base

Obtuse-cuneate

Leaf Margin

Entire

Keystone Foundation

Attributions	Keystone Foundation
Contributors	Keystone Foundation
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Pollinators

Bees

Miscellaneous Details

Notes: Western Ghats, Degraded areas in Dry Deciduous Forests

G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram

Attributions	G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Contributors	Sanjana Julias Thilakar G Renu D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Roots and fruits are used in traditional medicine.

Keystone Foundation

Attributions	Keystone Foundation
Contributors	Keystone Foundation
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

No Data

📚 Habitat and Distribution

Habitat and Distribution

General Habitat

Dry deciduous forests, wastelands and road sides in black cotton soil areas

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Sandy areas, wastelands, hillsides, residential areas

Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.

Attributions	Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Very common weed of wastelands, waysides even in poor soils. Plains from the coast 750m. Through out the tropics and warm temperate regions.

Keystone Foundation

Attributions	Keystone Foundation
Contributors	Keystone Foundation
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Distribution

Description

Global Distribution

Tropical and warm temperate regions of the world

Indian distribution

State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Kottayam, Idukki, Kollam, Wayanad

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Global Distribution

India: Assam, Bihar, Kashmir, Gujarat, Maharastra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu; China

Indian Distribution

Assam

Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.

Attributions	Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Found along the roadsides, wastelands and scrub jungles from plains to 500m. Common Tropical and temperate regions of the world.

Keystone Foundation

Attributions	Keystone Foundation
Contributors	Keystone Foundation
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Maharashtra: Kolhapur Karnataka: Belgaum, Chikmagalur, Hassan, Mysore, N. Kanara Kerala: Idukki, Kollam, Kottayam, Palakkad

G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram

Attributions	G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Contributors	Sanjana Julias Thilakar G Renu D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Endemic Distribution

No Data

📚 Occurrence

Occurrence

No Data

📚 Demography and Conservation

Demography and Conservation

Protection Legal Status

No Data

📚 Uses and Management

Uses and Management

Uses

System of Medicines Used In

Homoeopathy

Ayurveda

Folk medicine

Siddha

Unani

Traditional chinese medicine

Sowa-Rigpa

Medicinal

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Tender shoots eaten. Roots and fruits are used for traditional medicines.

Keystone Foundation

Attributions	Keystone Foundation
Contributors	Keystone Foundation
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

System Of Medicines Used In

Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Homoeopathy, Sowa-Rigpa, Unani, Siddha, Traditional chinese medicine

FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2114

Attributions	FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2114
Contributors	FRLHT-ENVIS
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Folklore

Indigenous Information: The mature fruit paste are applied to cure swelling on the eyes.

Keystone Foundation

Attributions	Keystone Foundation
Contributors	Keystone Foundation
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Management

No Data

📚 Information Listing

Information Listing

Species Resources

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)

Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

References

D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2114

Flora of Karnataka, Sharma B.D, 1984, Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants, N. Sasidharan, 2004, Flora of Kolhapur District, Yadav S. R & Sardesai M. M, 2002
Tribulus lanuginosus L., Sp. Pl. 387. 1753.
Tribulus terrestris L., Sp. Pl. 387. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 423. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 130(92). 1915; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 88. 1989; P. Singh & V. Singh in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 55. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 50. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 40. 2002; E. Vajr. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 518. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 176. 2009.

Information Listing > References

D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2114
Flora of Karnataka, Sharma B.D, 1984, Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants, N. Sasidharan, 2004, Flora of Kolhapur District, Yadav S. R & Sardesai M. M, 2002
Tribulus lanuginosus L., Sp. Pl. 387. 1753.
Tribulus terrestris L., Sp. Pl. 387. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 423. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 130(92). 1915; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 88. 1989; P. Singh & V. Singh in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 55. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 50. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 40. 2002; E. Vajr. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 518. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 176. 2009.