Flowering class: Dicot
Habit: Herb
🗒 Synonyms
| No Data |
🗒 Common Names
| Bengali |
|
| English |
|
| Hindi |
|
| Kannada |
|
| Malayalam |
|
| Marathi |
|
| Other |
|
| Sanskrit |
|
| Tamil |
|
| Telugu |
|
📚 Overview
Description
Habit: A small prostrate herb, upto 30cm.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Annual herbs to 30 cm high; stem woody at base, scabrous. Leaves subsessile, 0.6-3 x 0.3-1 cm, linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, base attenuate, margins distantly crenate, crenations scabrous hairy, apex acute, hirsute; stipules 1-2 mm long, linear-lanceolate. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicel 0.6-1.5 cm long, slender. Sepals 5, subequal, 2-3 x 1 mm, lanceolate, acute, ciliate. Petals 5, pinkish, unequal; lower one 0.8-1.5 cm long, suborbicular, clawed, other 4 smaller, 3-5 mm long, elliptic or triangular-oblong. Stamens 5, c. 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid, 1-celled; ovules many; style clavate; stigma oblique. Capsules 5-8 mm long, ovoid. Seeds many, ovoid.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Morphology
Flower
Solitary, axillary; pink, unequal. Flowering throughout the year.
Fruit
A subglobose capsule; seeds ribbed, 2mm. Fruiting throughout the year.
Field tips
The conspicuous rose petal has linings of a deeper hue.
Leaf Arrangement
Alternate distichous
Leaf Type
Simple
Leaf Shape
Linear-lanceolate or elliptic
Leaf Apex
Acute
Leaf Base
Attenuate
Leaf Margin
Entire
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Common in arable, pasture and wastelands. Plains from the coast to 900m in exposed place. Widely found in Africa and Madagascar, scattered in India and Sri Lanka, in south east China to tropical Australia.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Dry deciduous forests and wastelands
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Global Distribution
Sri Lanka, India, China, Madagascar, Africa and Tropical Australia
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Found along the rocky areas and wastelands from plains to 900m. Not common. Africa, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, S.E.China, Indo-China, Malesia, and tropical Australia.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Medicinal
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Highly used in the Indian medicine.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Viola suffruticosa L., Sp. Pl. 937. 1753.
- Ionidium enneaspermum (L.) Vent., Jard. Malm. Sub. t. 27. 1803.
- Viola enneasperma L., Sp. Pl. 937. 1753.
- Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Ging. in DC., Prodr. 1: 311. 1824; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 185. 1872; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 49(35). 1915.
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.v. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austr. 10: 81. 1876; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 34. 1982; S.P. Banerjee & B.B. Pramanik, Fasc. Fl. Ind. 12: 2. 1983 & in B.D. Sharma & N.P. Balakr., Fl. India 2: 343. 1993; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 71. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 63. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 47. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 67. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 23. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 58. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 9. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 55. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 20. 1999; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 70. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 56. 2005; K. Vivek. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 251. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 95. 2009.
Information Listing > References
- Viola suffruticosa L., Sp. Pl. 937. 1753.
- Ionidium enneaspermum (L.) Vent., Jard. Malm. Sub. t. 27. 1803.
- Viola enneasperma L., Sp. Pl. 937. 1753.
- Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Ging. in DC., Prodr. 1: 311. 1824; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 185. 1872; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 49(35). 1915.
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.v. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austr. 10: 81. 1876; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 34. 1982; S.P. Banerjee & B.B. Pramanik, Fasc. Fl. Ind. 12: 2. 1983 & in B.D. Sharma & N.P. Balakr., Fl. India 2: 343. 1993; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 71. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 63. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 47. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 67. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 23. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 58. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 9. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 55. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 20. 1999; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 70. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 56. 2005; K. Vivek. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 251. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 95. 2009.
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
| Order | Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl |
| Family | Violaceae |
| Genus | Hybanthus |
| Species | Hybanthus enneaspermus |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
