Glandularia species are scandent or decumbent herbs. Leaves decussate opposite, incised, dissected, pinnatifid or rarely entire. Inflorescence axillary, terminal spicate, pseudoumbellate or paniculate, pedunculate or sessile. Flowers sessile, zygomorphic, bracteate, Calyx, 5 toothed, 5 ribbed, Corolla hypocrateriform, 5 lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, anthers ovoid, Ovary superior, 4 lobed, 4 loculed, 1 ovule in each locule, Style short, Stigma 2 lobed. Fruit schizocarp, enclosed by persistant calyx.
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Erinus peruvianus L. |
| synonym | Verbena chamaedryfolia Juss. |
| synonym | Verbena chamaedryfolia var. melindroides (Cham.) Schauer |
| synonym | Verbena melindres Gillies |
| synonym | Verbena melindroides Cham. |
| synonym | Verbena melissoides Sweet ex Steud., nom. inval. |
| synonym | Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton |
| synonym | Verbena peruviana f. alba Moldenke |
| synonym | Verbena peruviana f. rosea Moldenke |
| synonym | Verbena peruviana var. glabriuscula Kuntze |
| synonym | Verbena peruviana var. subbipinnatisecta Kuntze |
| synonym | Verbena platensis var. latiuscula Briq. |
| synonym | Verbena platensis var. stenodes Briq. |
| synonym | Verbena sanguinea Larrañaga |
| synonym | Verbena veronicifolia Sm. |
| synonym | Verbenella chamaedryfolia (Juss.) Spach |
🗒 Common Names
| English |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Man. S.E. Fl. 1139. 1933
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Glandularia species flowers are bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects. Flowering/Fruiting: February-November.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Dispersal
Seeds dispersed by anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds and animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Morphology
Scandent perennial mat like herb about 1 ft long. Stem decumbent, creeping, pubescent, hairy, roots woody, fibrous, branches 4 angular. Leaves decussate opposite, lanceolate-ovate, elliptic-ovate, 1.5-5 x 0.5-2 cm across, base obtuse to acute, acute or gradually decurrent into petiole, margin serrate, apex acute, lateral veins 4-6 on either side of the midrib, impressed above and prominent beneath, petiole very short. Inflorescence fasiculate-capitate or in clusters. Flowers sessile, zygomorphic, Calyx 5 toothed about 1.5 cm long, Corolla hypocrateriform 5 lobed, red, purple, pink, white, lobes unequal, notched, linear, conspicuous, glabrous, apex emarginate, Corolla tube uniform or slightly enlarged in the throat about 2 cm long, stamens 4, didynamous, filaments filiform, inserted in the middle of the corolla tube, anthers ovoid, white, Ovary superior, entire or 4 lobed at the apex, 4 loculed, 1 ovule per locule, style short, stigma 2 lobed. Fruit schizocarp, splits open when ripe, about 4 mm in diameter, striate ribbed below the middle, cross ribbed above it.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Diseases
Susceptible to insect pests and moulds.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Cultivated in gardens, Native of Peru, South America.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Description
Local Distribution: Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh.
Global Distribution: Asia: India; North America: Mexico, United States of America; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Used as an ornamental.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
References
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700765 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Glandularia+peruviana&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-89973 ;Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=345000&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dErinus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 565. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 330. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 24 May 2013. ;Small, John Kunkel, (1933) Manual of the southeastern flora :being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Supplier: Biodiversity Heritage library. 1139. URL: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/403246#page/1161/mode/1up ;New Mexico State University. URL: http://desertblooms.nmsu.edu/plantadvisor/detail.php?plant_id=156. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700765 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Glandularia+peruviana&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-89973 ;Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=345000&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dErinus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 565. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 330. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 24 May 2013. ;Small, John Kunkel, (1933) Manual of the southeastern flora :being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Supplier: Biodiversity Heritage library. 1139. URL: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/403246#page/1161/mode/1up ;New Mexico State University. URL: http://desertblooms.nmsu.edu/plantadvisor/detail.php?plant_id=156. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
Information Listing > References
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700765 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Glandularia+peruviana&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-89973 ;Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=345000&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dErinus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 565. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 330. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 24 May 2013. ;Small, John Kunkel, (1933) Manual of the southeastern flora :being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Supplier: Biodiversity Heritage library. 1139. URL: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/403246#page/1161/mode/1up ;New Mexico State University. URL: http://desertblooms.nmsu.edu/plantadvisor/detail.php?plant_id=156. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700765 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Glandularia+peruviana&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-89973 ;Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=345000&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dErinus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 565. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 330. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 24 May 2013. ;Small, John Kunkel, (1933) Manual of the southeastern flora :being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Supplier: Biodiversity Heritage library. 1139. URL: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/403246#page/1161/mode/1up ;New Mexico State University. URL: http://desertblooms.nmsu.edu/plantadvisor/detail.php?plant_id=156. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Lamiales |
| Family | Verbenaceae |
| Genus | Glandularia |
| Species | Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
