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Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz

Accepted
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymOphioxylon album Gaertn.
synonymOphioxylon obversum Miq.
synonymOphioxylon salutiferum Salisb.
synonymOphioxylon serpentinum L.
synonymOphioxylon trifoliatum Gaertn.
synonymRauvolfia obversa (Miq.) Baill.
synonymRauvolfia serpentina var. obversa (Miq.) Bakh.f.
synonymRauvolfia trifoliata (Gaertn.) Baill.
🗒 Common Names
Assamese
  • Arachoritita
  • Sarpagandha
Bengali
  • চন্দ্র Chandra
English
  • Rauvolfia root
  • Rauwolfia Root
  • Serpentina
  • Serpentine
  • Serpentine root
  • Serpentine Wood
  • Snake root
  • Snake-root Devil-pepper
  • Snakewood
Gujarati
  • સર્પગંધા Sarpagandha
Hindi
  • Chandrabhaga
  • छोटा चांद Chota-chand
  • नाकुली Nakuli
  • सर्पगंधा Sarpagandha
Kannada
  • Sutranavi
  • ಪತಾಳಗನ್ಧೀ Patalagandhi
  • ಶಿವನಾಭಿಬಳ್ಳಿ Shivanabhiballi
  • ಸರ್ಪಗನ್ಧ Sarpangandha
  • ಸರ್ಪಗನ್ಧೀ Sarpagandhi
Malayalam
  • Amalpori
  • Avalpori
  • Chuvannavilpori
  • Chuvannavilpuri
  • Sarpagandhi
  • Suvapavalporiyam
  • Vanduvazha
  • അമല്പൊരി Amalpori
  • സര്പ്പഗന്ധി Sarppagandhi
Marathi
  • Harkaya
  • Harki
  • नाकुली Nakuli
Oriya
  • Patalagarar
  • Sanochado
Other
  • Amalpori
  • Arokson (Ass.)
  • Chandramul (Beng.).
  • Chota chand (Hindi)
  • Ichneumon-plant
  • Indian Snakeroot
  • Insanity Herb
  • Java Devil Pepper
  • Rauvolfia Root
  • Sarpagandha
  • Sarpagandha (Ayur.)
  • Sarpagandhi
  • Serpentine Wood
  • Sivan amalpodi
  • Snakeroot
  • Snakewood
Sanskrit
  • चन्द्रिका Chandrika
  • नाकुली Nakuli
  • पातालगरुड Patalgaruda
  • सर्पगंधा Sarpagandha
Tamil
  • Chevanamalpodi
Telugu
  • Patalagaruda
  • Patalaguni
  • Sarpagandha
Urdu
  • چاند چهوٿا Chota Chand
  • ناکلي Nakuli
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Herb
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    It is an errect, perennial herb with irregular tubular roots
    Sanjib Barua
    Attributions Sanjib Barua
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Description
      Habit: Undershrub
      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Subshrubs, rootstock thick, sap watery. Leaves 7-10 x 3 cm, oblanceolate, acuminate at both ends, glabrous, lateral nerves to 12 pairs. Cymes axillary and terminal, densely flowered; peduncles to 5 cm long. Flowers white; sepals 4 mm long, oblong, acute; corolla white, tube 15 mm long, lobes 5 mm long, oblong, obtuse. Capsules 5 mm, ovoid, obtuse, black; fruiting calyx crimson.
        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering & Fruiting: March-May.
          Sanjib Barua
          Attributions Sanjib Barua
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Flowering and fruiting: April-October
            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Reproduction
              Seeds, Roots and stem
              Sanjib Barua
              Attributions Sanjib Barua
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                Life Expectancy
                Perennial
                Sanjib Barua
                Attributions Sanjib Barua
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  Growth
                  Perennial
                  Sanjib Barua
                  Attributions Sanjib Barua
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Morphology

                    Growth Form

                    Tree
                    Tree
                    It is an errect, perennial herb with irregular tubular roots. Leaves 7.0-8.0cm x 4.0-6.5 cm elliptic- lanceolate or oblanceolate or obovate. Flowers in many flowered cyme, bracts minute, lanceolate, calyx lobes lanceolate, persistent. Corolla tube pinkish, swollen at mid part, lobe inflated, pinkish white. Fruits drup, obliquely ovoid, purplished-black when ripe. Seed one or two in each fruit.
                    Sanjib Barua
                    Attributions Sanjib Barua
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Ecology
                      In North-East it is found in all the states from 50 m to 500 m altitude.
                      Sanjib Barua
                      Attributions Sanjib Barua
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Miscellaneous Details
                        Notes: Western Ghats, Moist Deciduous Forests, Commonly Cultivated
                        G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          No Data
                          📚 Habitat and Distribution
                          General Habitat
                          Hilly areas
                          Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                          Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            Moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
                            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                            Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              Description
                              Maharashtra: Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Satara,Sindhudurg, Thane Karnataka: Chikmagalur, Dharwar, N. Kanara, Shimoga, S. Kanara Kerala: All districts Tamil Nadu: Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli
                              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                              Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                Global Distribution

                                India: Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Uttaranchal

                                Local Distribution

                                Bongaigaon, Kamrup, Dima Hasao, Nagaon, Goalpara

                                Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                                Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY
                                References 
                                  Global Distribution

                                  Bhutan, Darjeeling, Nepal, Jammu & Kashmir (Jammu), Assam, Bangladesh, Laos, Burma, Vietnam, Java,

                                  Sanjib Barua
                                  Attributions Sanjib Barua
                                  Contributors 
                                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                                  Licenses CC_BY
                                  References 
                                    Global Distribution

                                    South and south east Asia

                                    Indian distribution

                                    State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                                    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                    Contributors 
                                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                                    Licenses CC_BY
                                    References 
                                      No Data
                                      📚 Occurrence
                                      No Data
                                      📚 Demography and Conservation
                                      Risk Statement
                                      Rare
                                      Sanjib Barua
                                      Attributions Sanjib Barua
                                      Contributors 
                                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                                      Licenses CC_BY
                                      References 
                                        Threats
                                        Threats recoded
                                        Sanjib Barua
                                        Attributions Sanjib Barua
                                        Contributors 
                                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                                        Licenses CC_BY
                                        References 
                                          Protection Legal Status
                                          In North-East it is found in all the states from 50 m to 500 m altitude.
                                          Sanjib Barua
                                          Attributions Sanjib Barua
                                          Contributors 
                                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                                          Licenses CC_BY
                                          References 
                                            No Data
                                            📚 Uses and Management
                                            Uses

                                            System of Medicines Used In

                                            Homoeopathy
                                            Homoeopathy
                                            Ayurveda
                                            Ayurveda
                                            Folk medicine
                                            Folk medicine
                                            Siddha
                                            Siddha
                                            Unani
                                            Unani
                                            Modern medicine
                                            Modern medicine
                                            Sowa-Rigpa
                                            Sowa-Rigpa
                                            System Of Medicines Used In

                                            Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Homoeopathy, Folk medicine, Sowa-Rigpa, Siddha, Modern medicine, Unani

                                            FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1787
                                            Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1787
                                            Contributors 
                                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                                            Licenses CC_BY
                                            References 
                                              The roots is bitter, acrid, heating, pungent; anthelmintic. The alkaloids in the roots effective remedy against hypertension, useful in curing insomnia, psychosis, epilepsy, anorexia ,diseases of nervous system, worms and snake bites .The juice of the leaves is instilled in to the eyes by the natives of India as remedy for the removal of opacities of the corona. Traditionally, the N.E. people roots used as abortifacient.
                                              Sanjib Barua
                                              Attributions Sanjib Barua
                                              Contributors 
                                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                                              Licenses CC_BY
                                              References 
                                                Medicinal
                                                Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                                Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                                Contributors 
                                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                                Licenses CC_BY
                                                References 
                                                  No Data
                                                  📚 Information Listing
                                                  References
                                                  1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1787
                                                  1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                                  2. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 2: 171. 1877; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 632. 1882; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 807(567). 1923; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 164. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 254. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 229. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 279. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 243. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 421. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 282. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 293. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 217. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 9, 15; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 282. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 204. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 417. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 244. 1998; Ravikumar & Ved, Illustr. Field Guide 100 Red Listed Med. Pl. 316. 2000 Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 190. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 443. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 313. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 427. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 523. 2009.
                                                  3. Ophioxylon serpentinum L., Sp. Pl. 1043. 1753.
                                                  Information Listing > References
                                                  1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1787
                                                  2. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                                  3. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 2: 171. 1877; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 632. 1882; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 807(567). 1923; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 164. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 254. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 229. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 279. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 243. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 421. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 282. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 293. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 217. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 9, 15; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 282. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 204. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 417. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 244. 1998; Ravikumar & Ved, Illustr. Field Guide 100 Red Listed Med. Pl. 316. 2000 Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 190. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 443. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 313. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 427. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 523. 2009.
                                                  4. Ophioxylon serpentinum L., Sp. Pl. 1043. 1753.

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                                                  cepfrit
                                                  No Data
                                                  📚 Meta data
                                                  No Data
                                                  🐾 Taxonomy
                                                  RootRoot
                                                  KingdomPlantae
                                                  PhylumTracheophyta
                                                  ClassMagnoliopsida
                                                  OrderGentianales
                                                  FamilyApocynaceae
                                                  GenusRauvolfia
                                                  SpeciesRauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz
                                                  📊 Temporal Distribution
                                                  📷 Related Observations
                                                  👥 Groups
                                                  India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                                  The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                                  PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                                  Northeast India BiodiversityNortheast India Biodiversity
                                                  Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
                                                  TreesIndiaTreesIndia
                                                  Konkan Biodiversity GroupKonkan Biodiversity Group
                                                  Assam Biodiversity PortalAssam Biodiversity Portal
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