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Ferns and relatives / Helechos y afines
Polypodium Linnaeus, 1753
EOL Text
Polypodium
Helechos epífitos, epilíticos o raras veces terrestres. Rizomas cortos o alargados, rastreros o con menos frecuencia trepadores, cubiertos de escamas concoloras o discoloras, peltadas, clatradas o no clatradas o con menos frecuencia glabros. Frondas articuladas en la base, monomorfas, usualmente estipitadas, glabras, pubescentes o con escamas; láminas pinnatisectas o simple pinnadas, la nervación ramificada, libre o reticulada, las areolas con una sola vénulas libre. Soros redondeados o elípticos, usualmente terminales en las vénulas libres; indusios ausentes; paráfisis presentes o ausentes. Esporas bilaterales, verrugosas, rugosas o tuberculadas, reniformes, amarillas. Polypodium “sensu stricto” es un género cosmopolita con alrededor de 125 especies.
Polypodium
Epiphytic, epilithic, or rarely terrestrial ferns. Rhizomes short or elongate, creeping or less frequently climbing, covered with concolorous or discolorous scales, peltate, clathrate or not clathrate, or less frequently glabrous. Fronds articulate at the base, monomorphic, usually stipitate, glabrous, pubescent, or with scales; blades pinnatisect or simple-pinnate, the venation branched, free or reticulate, the areoles with a single free venule. Sori rounded or elliptical, usually terminal on the free venules; indusia absent; paraphyses present or absent. Spores bilateral, verrucose, rugose, or tuberculate, reniform, yellow. Polypodium “sensu stricto” is a cosmopolitan genus of about 125 species.
Foodplant / sap sucker
Idiopterus nephrolepidis sucks sap of live, curled, sometimes killed leaf of Polypodium
Other: minor host/prey
Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Strombocerus delicatulus grazes on frond of Polypodium
Other: major host/prey
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | BioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK) |
Source | http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Polypodium.htm |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:123
Specimens with Sequences:115
Specimens with Barcodes:114
Species:60
Species With Barcodes:58
Public Records:79
Public Species:55
Public BINs:0
Polypodium is a genus of 75–100 species of true ferns, widely distributed throughout the world, with the highest species diversity in the tropics. The name is derived from Ancient Greek poly (πολύ) "many" + podion (πόδιον) "little foot", on account of the foot-like appearance of the rhizome and its branches. They are commonly called polypody[1] or rockcap fern, but for many species unique vernacular names exist.
They are terrestrial or epiphytic ferns, with a creeping, densely hairy or scaly rhizome bearing fronds at intervals along its length. The species differ in size and general appearance and in the character of the fronds, which are evergreen, persisting for 1-2 years, pinnate or pinnatifid (rarely simple entire), and from 10-80 cm or more long. The sori or groups of spore-cases (sporangia) are borne on the back of the frond; they are globose and naked, not covered with a membrane (indusium).
Polypodies have some use in herbalism, but are today most important in horticulture where several species, hybrids, and their cultivars like Polypodium 'Green Wave' are commonly used as ornamental plants for shady locations. Polypodium have a bitter-sweet taste and are among the rather few ferns that are used in cooking; in this case as a spice e.g. for nougat.
Selected species[edit]
Several of the species form hybrids with other species in the genus; these may often be distinguished by being sterile, with very small "blind" sori.
- Polypodium abitaguae
- Polypodium alfredii
- Polypodium amorphum Suksdorf – irregular polypody
- Polypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham – Appalachian rockcap fern
- Polypodium argyrolepis
- Polypodium asterolepis Baker
- Polypodium billardieri
- Polypodium californicum Kaulf.
- Polypodium calirhiza – nested polypody, habit polypody
- Polypodium cambricum L. (= P. australe Fée) – southern polypody
- Polypodium chionolepis
- Polypodium decumanum – Calaguala fern
- Polypodium excavatum Roxb.
- Polypodium exiguum – hug-me-tight
- Polypodium feei (Bory) Mett.
- Polypodium × font-queri (P. cambricum × P. vulgare)
- Polypodium formosanum Baker - grub fern
- Polypodium furfuraceum Schltdl. & Cham.
- Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C.Eaton – licorice fern
- Polypodium hesperium Maxon – western polypody
- Polypodium incanum
- Polypodium × incognitum
- Polypodium interjectum Shivas – intermediate polypody
- Polypodium latissimum
- Polypodium lepidopteris (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kunze
- Polypodium macaronesicum Bobrov
- Polypodium × mantoniae (P. interjectum × P. vulgare)
- Polypodium mindense
- Polypodium mixtum
- Polypodium nigrescens Blume
- Polypodium nipponicum – aonekazura' (Japanese)
- Polypodium percussum
- Polypodium phymatodes L.
- Polypodium piligerum
- Polypodium punctatum Thunb. ex Murray
- Polypodium pustulatum
- Polypodium pycnocarpum C.Chr.
- Polypodium quitense
- Polypodium rimbachii
- Polypodium × rothmaleri (P. cambricum × P. interjectum)
- Polypodium saximontanum Windham
- Polypodium scouleri Hooker & Greville – coast polypody
- Polypodium scutulatum
- Polypodium segregatum
- Polypodium × shivasiae Rothm. (P. cambricum × P. interjectum)
- Polypodium sibiricum Sipliv. – Siberian polypody
- Polypodium triseriale Swartz
- Polypodium virginianum L. – rock polypody
- Polypodium vulgare – common polypody
- Polypodium xalapense
A number of species formerly included in the genus have recently been transferred to other genera, including Campyloneurum, Cyathea, Drynaria, Microgramma, Nephrolepis, Neurodium, Pecluma, Phlebodium, and Pleopeltis.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium (1976). Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-505470-7.
- Haufler, Christopher H.; Windham, Michael D.; Lang, Frank A. & Whitmore, S. A. (1993): 2. Polypodium Linnaeus. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms): 315-323. ISBN 0-19-508242-7
- Hyde, H. A.; Wade, A. E. & Harrison, S. G. (1978): Welsh Ferns. National Museum of Wales.
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) (2007): Digital Flora Europaea: Polypodium species list. Retrieved 2007-NOV-26.
- United States Department of Agriculture (2007): Germplasm Resources Information Network - Polypodium. Retrieved 2007-NOV-26.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polypodium&oldid=621843183 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:26
Specimens with Sequences:23
Specimens with Barcodes:23
Species:12
Species With Barcodes:12
Public Records:23
Public Species:12
Public BINs:0