EXTINCT & THREATENED

Transcription

1 EXTINCT & THREATENED ACANTHACEAE Hygrophila gracillima (Schinz) Burkill Status: VU B1B2cdC2aD1 Threats: Habitat degradation Its decline is due to pans drying up and over-use of water resources in the north. Monechma serotinum P.G.Mey. Threats: Habitat degradation -West Known from the type only. Phaulopsis semiconica P.G.Mey. -West Ruellia currorii T.Anderson Threats: Habitat degradation -West AMARYLLIDACEAE Brunsvigia herrei Leight. ex W.F.Barker Known from one collection only. Crinum paludosum I.Verd. Haemanthus avasmontanus Dinter Known from type specimens only, but is very distinct. Grows on steep south-facing micaceous schist ledges. Namaquanula bruce-bayeri D. & U.Müll.-Doblies Strumaria barbarae Oberm. Known from two farms only. Strumaria bidentata Schinz Status: EN B1B2c, collection Diminutive and can be confused with S. hardyana (vegetatively). Grows in sand on exposed flats and amongst rocks. Strumaria hardyana D. & U.Mull.-Doblies Status: EN B1B2cD1, collection Can be confused in the vegetative state with S. bidentata. Strumaria phonolithica Dinter Occurs on wide ledges of steep south-facing slopes, benefits from fog. The species is in cultivation and has the largest flowers of the genus. ANACARDIACEAE Ozoroa namaquensis (Sprague) Von Teichman & A.E.van Wyk APIACEAE Marlothiella gummifera H.Wolff and prospecting Dwarf shrub that grows along coast, Namibian endemic genus. APOCYNACEAE Baynesia lophophora Bruyns Status: CR B1B2eC2b -West Known from one locality only. Brachystelma schinzii (K.Schum.) N.E.Br. Threats: Harvesting -East May be undercollected, but is utilised. Brachystelma schultzei (Schltr.) Bruyns Threats: Grazing/browsing, collection The plant grows in open places amongst scattered grass clumps where it is inconspicuous, unless in flower. May be undercollected. Caralluma peschii Nel Status: VU D1 Threats: Grazing/browsing, collection -West Ceropegia dinteri Schltr. Status: VU D1 -West Inconspicuous species, may be undercollected. Ceropegia filiformis (Burch.) Schltr. Remarkable case of vicariance. Extremely inconspicuous, but the flowers are striking. Ceropegia mafekingensis (N.E.Br.) R.A.Dyer Only collected a few times. Ceropegia pachystelma Schltr. Status: VU D1D2 Distribution: East-Central Usually grows in deep soil with no evidence of rockiness. Occurs in a limited area. Flowers profusely and is easy to cultivate. Ceropegia paricyma N.E.Br. Threats: Habitat degradation, collection Occurs on an island in the Zambezi River; little known, probably because it is fairly insignificant. Ceropegia stenantha K.Schum. Status: VU B1B2cdD1D2 Threats: Habitat degradation, collection -East Wetland species. Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus Schltr.? -East Only one specimen collected in Hoodia alstonii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, collection Hoodia juttae Dinter Threats: Grazing/browsing, collection It looks like H. gordonii without flowers and occurs with it, but no hybrids or intermediates occur. Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. delaetiana (Dinter) Bruyns Status: EN B1B2bc, collection Winter-rainfall species. Hoodia pedicellata (Schinz) Plowes Status: VU D1 -West-Central, North-West Hoodia ruschii Dinter Status: VU D1D2 Full of flowers in cultivation, so probably sought after, but has a dreadful smell. Hoodia triebneri (Nel) Bruyns Threats: Grazing/browsing, collection Very unusual. Huernia hallii E. & B.M.Lamb, South-East Grows inside Pentzia bushes on flat-topped mountains in stony areas, so could be overlooked. 64 EXTINCT & THREATENED

2 Huernia plowesii L.C.Leach Status: EN B1B2e Known mainly from plants in cultivation. On one farm they are scattered, but found in several places. Lavrania haagnerae Plowes Status: EN B1B2eC2a -West Known from two localities only, on vertical dolomite cliffs. Additional localities may exist. Unusual features and habit for the genus make it attractive to collectors. Lavrania perlata (Dinter) Bruyns Known from very few collections in Namibia and from one locality, in cultivation. Lavrania picta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. parvipunctata Bruyns Microloma poicilanthum H.E.Huber Quaqua acutiloba (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, collection Quaqua incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. hottentotorum (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, collection Quaqua pruinosa (Masson) Bruyns Status: EN B1B2cdeC2a Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion, collection Stapelia pearsonii N.E.Br. Seems to be restricted to dolomite areas, could be confused with A. pachygaster. Aloe buettneri A.Berger -West Restricted to one farm in Namibia but common elsewhere. Last collected in Aloe corallina I.Verd. Status: EN D1 -West Last collected in 1965; grows on inaccessible perpendicular cliffs. Aloe dewinteri Giess Status: VU D1 -West Grows in rock crevices of steep dolomite precipices. Aloe dinteri A.Berger Status: VU D1 -West, North-West-Central Could be confused with A. sladeniana and A. variegata, grows on plains, in shade and in dolomite crevices. Aloe erinacea D.S.Hardy Status: EN A1adB2cdC1C2a No recruitment from seed in one subpopulation. Another, recorded in the 1980s, could not be found. Aloe meyeri van Jaarsv. Status: EN B1B2e, collection Plants hanging from vertical south-facing cliffs in crevices probably fairly inaccessible, except for specialist collectors. Aloe microstigma Salm-Dyck Status: VU D1, collection Grows on mountains and plains, distribution is restricted. A. pillansii and A. dichotoma cannot be distinguished when young; they do not flower until 2 m tall. No recruitment was seen. Aloe ramosissima Pillans Status: VU A1c2cC2a, pests/disease Aloe sladeniana Pole-Evans -West-Central Very pretty plant from intensely hot arid areas on western escarpment, could be confused with A. variegata and A. dinteri. Aloe viridiflora Reynolds Status: VU B1B2eC2aD1 Distribution is limited. No evidence of a continuing decline. Bulbine caput-medusae G.Will. Status: EN B1B2ce, collection In very windy area that gets fog, summer and winter rain. Bulbine francescae G.Will. & Baijnath Status: EN B1B2ce, collection Bulb difficult to get out because it grows in rock crevices. Bulbine namaensis Schinz -Central, South-West Trachyandra peculiaris (Dinter) Oberm. Known from type specimen only. Stapeliopsis neronis Pillans Status: EN B1B2ce, habitat degradation Known from one collection only; on lower mountain slopes near riverbank. APONOGETONACEAE Aponogeton azureus H.Bruggen Threats: Grazing/browsing, urban expansion -West Known from type only, collected in 1974 (very good rain year). Tubers of similar taxa are eaten. ASPHODELACEAE Aloe argenticauda Merxm. & Giess Status: VU B1B2e C2a Aloe namibensis Giess Status: VU D1 Threats: Habitat degradation, collection -Central Aloe pachygaster Dinter Status: VU D1, South-Central Could be confused with A. claviflora and A. asperifolia, closely correlated with dolomite and black limestone. Aloe pearsonii Schonland Status: EN B1B2bce, collection Recruitment seems to be very low in subpopulations observed. Aloe pillansii L.Guthrie Status: EN B1B2bceC1 ASTERACEAE Anisopappus pseudopinnatifidus S.Ortiz & Paiva Known from type specimen only. Arctotis frutescens Norl. In rock cracks. Eremothamnus marlothianus O.Hoffm. Status: VU B1B2cC2a Monotypic Namibian endemic genus. Eriocephalus klinghardtensis M.A.N.Müller EXTINCT & THREATENED 65

3 Restricted to one mountain, but is relatively common. Euryops mucosus B.Nord. Status: EN B1B2cC2a Known from two collections only, not collected since Euryops walterorum Merxm. Felicia alba Grau Status: EN B1B2c Threats: Urban expansion -Central Known from two collections only. Attractive when in flower. Felicia gunillae B.Nord. -West-Central Known from type only collected in good rain year; searched for, but not found since. Gazania thermalis Dinter Status: EN B1B2cdC2aD1 Threats: Habitat degradation to South-Central Known from only three collections; not collected since Lasiopogon ponticulus Hilliard Nidorella nordenstamii Wild Threats: Habitat degradation -West-Central Known from type only collected in good rain year, searched for, but not found since. Othonna clavifolia Marloth, collection Dwarf pachycaul and very appealing. Othonna cyclophylla Merxm. On quartz ridge or dolerite, not collected since 1970s, known from two localities only. Pentatrichia avasmontana Merxm. Cushion-shaped shrub, hangs from rocks, vertical mountain wall. Pentzia tomentosa B.Nord. -West-Central Known from type specimen only. Pteronia spinulosa E.Phillips Status: EN B1B2cdC2aD1 All specimens collected along the coast, except one that needs verification. CAMPANULACEAE Namacodon schinzianum (Markgr.) Thulin Status: VU D1 Monotypic Namibian endemic genus. CAPPARACEAE Cadaba termitaria N.E.Br. Distribution: East Known from two collections only. CHENOPODIACEAE Suaeda salina B.Nord. Threats: Grazing/browsing -Central Known from type specimen only. CRASSULACEAE Crassula atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. cultiformis (Friedrich) Toelken Crassula aurusbergensis G.Will. Status: EN B1B2e, mining On summit of mountains, needs fog. Sought after by collectors as it is a miniature. Crassula ausensis Hutchison subsp. ausensis Status: VU B1B2c, mining Prefers granite, sandstone or outcrops of quartzite. Crassula ausensis P.Hutchison subsp. giessii (Friedrich) Toelken, mining -Central Crassula campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. Known from one locality only. Plants are very small and may have been overlooked. Crassula capitella Thunb. subsp. nodulosa (Schonland) Toelken Crassula corallina Thunb. subsp. corallina, South-East Problematic in cultivation. Very limited distribution. Crassula cotyledonis Thunb. Crassula elegans Schonland & Baker f. subsp. namibensis (Friedrich) Toelken Status: EN B1B2bc Threats: Urban expansion, collection On rocky slopes, often in exposed positions near coast. Crassula expansa Dryand. subsp. pyrifolia (Compton) Toelken In cultivation. Crassula garibina Marloth & Schonland subsp. garibina Status: EN B1B2cd Threatened by increasing human population along the river. Crassula luederitzii Schonland Crassula namaquensis Schonland & Baker f. subsp. namaquensis Crassula nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. One specimen collected in the 1970s only. Crassula numaisensis Friedrich Status: VU B1B2ceD1, collection Known from type only, but considered to be a distinct taxon. Crassula oblanceolata Schonland & Baker f. Crassula plegmatoides Friedrich Crassula pseudohemisphaerica Friedrich, collection Crassula rupestris Thunb. subsp. commutata (Friedrich) Toelken, collection Crassula thunbergiana Schult. subsp. minutiflora (Schonland & Baker f.) Toelken Status: EN B1B2eC2a Known from one collection in 1959, may be undercollected as it is a small prostrate fleshy herb. 66 EXTINCT & THREATENED

4 Tylecodon aridimontanus G.Will. Status: EN B1B2cd, collection Battered by sand-blasting winds. Tylecodon aurusbergensis G.Will. & van Jaarsv. Status: EN B1B2cd, collection Grows in rock cracks just below the south face of summit of inselberg. Tylecodon buchholzianus (Schuldt & Stephens) Toelken, collection Tylecodon hallii (Toelken) Toelken, collection Uncommon in collections. Plants are winter growing and therefore provide added interest during a time that most collections are dormant. Tylecodon racemosus (Harv.) Toelken Status: EN B1B2cd, collection Lower gravelly slopes or vertical cliff in ravine. Tylecodon singularis (R.A.Dyer) Toelken Status: EN B1B2cd, urban expansion, Tylecodon walichii (Harv.) Toelken subsp. ecklonianus (Harv.) Toelken Could be poisonous. CUCURBITACEAE Cucumella clavipetiolata J.H.Kirkbr. Status: EN C2a Distribution: West-Central CYPERACEAE Volkiella disticha Merxm. & Czech (D) Threats: Urban expansion -East Annual sedge/herb, on river terrace. ERIOSPERMACEAE Eriospermum buchubergense Dinter Known from type specimen only, a distinctive species, but lacks flowers and bulb. Eriospermum citrinum P.L.Perry Known from one location only on upper slopes. Eriospermum flexum P.L.Perry Known from one collection only. Eriospermum halenbergense Dinter Coastal desert on sandy plain. Eriospermum lavranosii P.L.Perry Euphorbia angrae N.E.Br. Status: VU B1B2cd, collection EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia berotica N.E.Br. Known from one specimen only. Euphorbia cibdela N.E.Br., collection Euphorbia eduardoi L.C.Leach -West No young individuals have been seen. Euphorbia friedrichiae Dinter Threats: Grazing/browsing, collection Not collected for 60 years. Euphorbia herrei A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane Status: EN A1cB2c, collection Euphorbia kaokoensis (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) L.C.Leach -West Euphorbia lavrani L.C.Leach Status: CR B1B2eC2bD1 Known from type and one other specimen. Restricted to limestone and distribution may therefore be fragmented. Euphorbia leistneri R.H.Archer Status: EN B1B2cC2bD1 Threats: Urban expansion, collection -West Known from type only, but is in cultivation. Euphorbia melanohydrata Nel Status: VU A1c2cB1B2c, collection On sandy plains. Euphorbia monteiroi Hook.f. subsp. brandbergensis B.Nord. Status: VU D1D2 -West-Central Euphorbia namibensis Marloth Status: VU B1B2ce, collection Euphorbia namuskluftensis L.C.Leach Status: CR D1 Limestone outcrop only, not found during field work. Euphorbia otjipembana L.C.Leach Status: EN D1 Threats: Habitat degradation -West Not collected for 27 years, stony slopes; distribution may therefore be fragmented. Euphorbia subsalsa Hiern subsp. fluvialis L.C.Leach Threats: Urban expansion, collection Restricted to rocky sites on both banks of the Kunene River. Euphorbia verruculosa N.E.Br. Status: VU A1c2cB1B2c, collection FABACEAE Baikiaea plurijuga Harms Status: VU A1bcd2bcd Threats: Urban expansion, grazing/browsing, fire, agriculture -Central, East Commercially logged for over 50 years. Young trees destroyed by fire. Valuable timber. Caesalpinia merxmeullerana A.Schreib. Status: VU D1 Probably undercollected; in very inaccessible areas. Decorsea dinteri (Harms) Verdc. Threats: Harvesting Known from type specimen only. Elephantorrhiza rangei Harms Status: EN B1B2cdD1 Threats: Habitat degradation, road network -Central Very limited distribution. Eriosema harmsiana Dinter Threats: Harvesting EXTINCT & THREATENED 67

5 Known from type only, collected in 1930s. Known from type only. KIRKIACEAE Lebeckia dinteri Harms Lotononis mirabilis Dinter Known from type and two specimens only, not collected since 1920s. Lotononis pachycarpa Dinter ex B.-E.van Wyk Pterocarpus angolensis DC. Status: VU A1bcd2bcd Threats: Urban expansion, fire, agriculture -Central One of the most valuable woods. HYACINTHACEAE Bowiea gariepensis van Jaarsv. Limited distribution. Lachenalia buchubergensis Dinter, collection May be undercollected because it is small and timing for collecting must be right. Lachenalia klinghardtiana Dinter, collection Lachenalia namibiensis W.F.Barker, collection Plants in cultivation are twice the size of the wild ones. Lachenalia nordenstamii W.F.Barker, collection In sheltered rock cracks. Lachenalia nutans G.D.Duncan, collection Known from two collections only. Ornithogalum deltoideum Baker Collected in 1923 only. Ornithogalum geniculatum Oberm. Ornithogalum merxmuelleri Roessler Ornithogalum puberulum Oberm. In crevices of overhanging reefs, near summit. Rhadamanthus fasciatus B.Nord. -East Only collected in 1965, in white quartz stone near a mine. Rhadamanthus namibensis Oberm. Status: VU D1D2 Threats: Habitat degradation Rhadamanthus secundus B.Nord. IRIDACEAE Babiana longicollis Dinter, collection Known from type only. Ferraria schaeferi Dinter Status: VU B1B2cd, collection Fewer than ten locations, sparsely distributed. Moraea garipensis Goldblatt Status: EN B1B2cD1 Threats: Urban expansion, collection Grows in cracks in graniteon rocky outcrops above river a most unexpected locality for a Moraea, let alone an unspecialised one. Least specialised species in the genus. It has no obvious adaptations for drought resistance. Large yellow flowers. Moraea graniticola Goldblatt Status: EN B1B2cD1 Known from a single collection, probably occurs elsewhere. Of collector s interest. As it occurs in townlands which could be over-used, e.g. wood collecting, grazing, it is probably threatened. Moraea hexaglottis Goldblatt Known from several sites on a single farm, but may be more widespread on the Huib Plateau. Moraea namibensis Goldblatt Winter rainfall, sandy flats amongst low scattered bushes and small annuals; previously misidentified, so may be found to be more widespread when area is more botanically explored. Kirkia dewinteri Merxm. & Heine Threats: Habitat destruction -West to South-West-Central LAMIACEAE Plectranthus unguentarius Codd Status: EN B1B2e -West Used traditionally. Not collected since 1960, although it is an erect, robust semi-succulent suffrutex. LOBELIACEAE Lobelia hereroensis Schinz Threats: Habitat degradation, North-West-Central Could be so small and hidden in moss that it is overlooked. Distribution of similar habitats is limited and subject to drying out or over-use when water is scarce. MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Amphibolia obscura H.E.K.Hartmann Status: VU B1B2c, collection Seems to be restricted to hills in small area. Antimima argentea (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Known from one population only. Very attractive flowers. Antimima aurasensis H.E.K.Hartmann, collection Known from limited area only. Antimima buchubergensis (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann Known from one locality only. Antimima eendornensis (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann Antimima modesta (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Status: VU B1B2c, grazing/browsing, collection Restricted distribution. Antimima quartzitica (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann Status: VU B1B2c, collection Restricted distribution. 68 EXTINCT & THREATENED

6 Astridia citrina (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Status: VU B1B2c Restricted to rocky places only (koppies and inselbergs). Astridia hallii L.Bolus Status: VU B1B2c Grows on rocky inselbergs and koppies. Astridia longifolia (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Status: VU B1B2c Very pretty red flower. The most common species in the genus. Astridia speciosa L.Bolus Status: EN B1B2c Exceptionally pretty red flower. Restricted distribution. Astridia velutina Dinter & Schwantes Status: VU B1B2abcdeC1C2a One population at a mine is probably destroyed by now. Brownanthus namibensis (Marloth) Bullock Habitat limited (along coast). Brownanthus pubescens (N.E.Br. ex C.A.Maas) Bullock Dwarf shrub with very striking appearance. Cephalophyllum compressum L.Bolus Status: VU B1B2ce Restricted distribution. Cephalophyllum confusum (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes Status: VU B1B2bcdeC2a Mountains and inselbergs. One subpopulation at a mine is probably destroyed by now. Cephalophyllum herrei L.Bolus Chasmatophyllum musculinum (Haw.) Dinter & Schwantes Very attractive plant with pretty flower, easy to propagate. Conophytum angelicae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. angelicae Status: CR C2a, agriculture, collection In the past 30 years only five plants have been recorded. Conophytum friedrichae (Dinter) Schwantes Status: EN B1B2ceC2a Limited distribution. Conophytum gratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. gratum Status: EN B1B2ceC2a Has a wide range. Conophytum halenbergense (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. Status: EN C2a Shows amazing resemblance to the Schlaffkuppe form of C. taylorianum subsp. ernianum. Conophytum klinghardtense Rawe subsp. baradii (Rawe) S.A.Hammer Status: EN B1B2ceC2a Conophytum klinghardtense Rawe subsp. klinghardtense Status: EN B1B2ceC2a Known from only one location. Conophytum loeschianum Tischer Status: EN B1B2ceC2a Conophytum maughanii N.E.Br. subsp. maughanii Plants are cryptic most of the year, therefore it could be more widespread. Conophytum pageae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. Pretty flower, common in cultivation. Conophytum quaesitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. densipunctum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer Status: EN B1B2e Common in cultivation. Conophytum quaesitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. quaesitum var. rostratum (Tischer) S.A.Hammer Status: EN B1B2ceC2a Often grows on steep faces and in deep narrow crevices. Conophytum quaesitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. quaesitum var. quaesitum Status: EN B1B2e Conophytum ricardianum Loesch & Tischer subsp. ricardianum Status: EN B1B2ceC2a, South-Central Known with certainty from only one location. Not easily cultivated. Conophytum saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. Status: VU B1B2ceC2a Conophytum taylorianum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. ernianum (Loesch & Tischer) de Boer ex S.A.Hammer Status: VU B1B2ceC2a Conophytum taylorianum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. taylorianum Status: EN B1B2eC2a Known from one locality only. Dracophilus montis-draconis (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes Distribution: Karas In many localities, but limited area. Eberlanzia schneideriana (A.Berger) H.E.K.Hartmann Status: VU B1B2ce? Fenestraria rhopalophylla (Schltr. & Diels) N.E.Br. subsp. aurantiaca (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann Status: EN C1C2a Severely threatened by mining, one population already damaged by road building. Fenestraria rhopalophylla (Schltr. & Diels) N.E.Br. subsp. rhopalophylla Status: VU A1acC1C2a Road building and prospecting have already damaged some populations. Hartmanthus hallii (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer Status: EN B1B2e Desirable horticultural subject. Hartmanthus pergamentaceus (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer Status: VU B1B2eC2a Vast colonies occur in one area. Jensenobotrya lossowiana A.G.J.Herre Status: EN B1B2ce -Central Very pretty flower, unusual plant. EXTINCT & THREATENED 69

7 Juttadinteria deserticola (Marloth) Schwantes Status: VU B1B2ce Juttadinteria kovismontana (Dinter) Schwantes Status: EN B1B2ce Juttadinteria simpsonii (Dinter) Schwantes Status: EN B1B2ce Juttadinteria suavissima (Dinter) Schwantes Status: VU B1B2eC2a Lithops dinteri Schwantes subsp. dinteri var. dinteri Status: VU B1B2ce Probably in cultivation. Lithops dinteri Schwantes subsp. multipunctata (de Boer) D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2ce Probably in cultivation. Lithops francisci (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. Status: EN B1B2c Known from limited area only, probably in cultivation. Lithops fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. lactinea D.T.Cole Status: EN C2b Probably in cultivation. Lithops fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. fulviceps Known from restricted distribution only. Lithops gesineae de Boer var. gesinae Status: EN B1B2e Only known from two localities, probably in cultivation. Lithops gesineae de Boer var. annae (de Boer) D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2e Only known from two localities, probably in cultivation. Lithops gracilidelineata Dinter subsp. brandbergensis (de Boer) D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2e -West-Central Occurs on the top of the mountain, the greatest altitude yet recorded for a Lithops habitat. Lithops gracilidelineata Dinter subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata -West-Central Probably in cultivation. Lithops gracilidelineata Dinter subsp. waldroniae de Boer Status: EN B1B2eC2a -Central Lithops hermetica D.T.Cole Status: CR A1dB1B2e, mining The species name, meaning hermetically sealed, refers to the diamond area where plants are considered reasonably safe. It was no doubt applied in irony as the taxon s author is very concerned about ongoing illegal collecting in the area. Lithops herrei L.Bolus Status: EN B1B2ceC2a Lithops julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.)Fearn var. rouxii (de Boer) D.T.Cole Status: EN C2a Probably in cultivation. Lithops julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. julii Probably in cultivation. Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. bella (N.E.Br.) D.T.Cole Status: EN C2a Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. eberlanzii (Dinter & Schwantes) D.T.Cole Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. aiaisensis (de Boer) D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2e Known from restricted distribution only. Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes) D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2e Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. tischeri D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2eC2ab Known from one locality only. Lithops pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. archerae (de Boer) D.T.Cole Status: VU D1D2 -Central Known from restricted distribution only. Lithops pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. dentritica (Nel) D.T.Cole Known from restricted distribution only. Lithops pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. groendrayensis (H.Jacobsen) D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2eC2a Known from restricted distribution only. Lithops pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. elisabethiae (Dinter) de Boer & Boom Status: EN B1B2ceC2ab Known from one locality only. Lithops pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. riehmerae D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2eC2a Known from restricted distribution only. Lithops pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. volkii (Schwantes ex de Boer & Boom) D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2ceC2abD1 Lithops ruschiorum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. ruschiorum -West-Central Lithops ruschiorum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. lineata (Nel) D.T.Cole Status: VU B1B2eC2a -West-Central Lithops schwantesii Dinter subsp. gebseri (de Boer) D.T.Cole Status: EN B1B2eC2a Known from restricted distribution only. 70 EXTINCT & THREATENED

8 Lithops schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. urikosensis (Dinter) de Boer & Boom Lithops schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. marthae (Loesch & Tischer) D.T.Cole Status: EN C2a Lithops schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. schwantesii Lithops schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. rugosa (Dinter) de Boer & Boom Status: CR C2a Lithops vallis-mariae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br., East-Central Lithops werneri Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen Status: CR B1B2eC2b -West-Central Known from one locality only. Namibia cinerea (Marloth) Schwantes Status: EN B1B2e Common in extremely restricted areas. Occurs in mountain areas, not sandy plains. Schwantesia constanceae N.Zimm. MOLLUGINACEAE Suessenguthiella caespitosa Friedrich Known from type and one specimen only; not collected since Probably overlooked as it is very small. ORCHIDACEAE Ansellia africana Lindl. Status: VU B1B2e -West, North-East Medicinal properties. Pretty flowers. Not collected since Bartholina etheliae Bolus Rare or localised. Bonatea steudneri (Rchb. f.) T.Durand & Schinz Status: CR B1B2ce Threats: Urban expansion, collection Pretty flowers. Not collected since Pesticides may be causing loss of pollinators. Eulophia hereroensis Schltr. Status: EN D1 -Central Last collected in 1984, appears to be restricted to a few small colonies of up to 20 plants. Has ethnobotanical use. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis ausensis R.Knuth Known from type (1922) and one specimen (1976). Probably undercollected, as it favours good years. Oxalis luederitzii Schinz Oxalis schaeferi R.Knuth Not collected since the 1920s. PASSIFLORACEAE Adenia pechuelii (Engl.) Harms Status: EN C1C2a -West, Caprivi Seeds well in captivity. PEDALIACEAE Sesamothamnus leistneri ined. De Winter & Leistner 5504 Status: EN D1 -West PLUMBAGINACEAE Plumbago wissii Friedrich -West-Central Nananthus aloides (Haw.) Schwantes Status: EN B1B2ce Threats: agriculture, collection Distribution: East-Central From limestone/calcrete pan areas. Very attractive plant and flower. Undercollected. Eulophia leachii Greatrex ex A.V.Hall Status: VU B1B2ceD1D2 Threats: Urban expansion, collection -Central, East Attractive flowers. May form large colonies. Last collected in RUTACEAE Anginon streyi (Merxm.) Allison & B.-E.van Wyk Nananthus margaritiferus L.Bolus Status: EN B1B2ce Threats: agriculture, collection Distribution: East-Central Limestone/calcrete pan areas, probably only a few subpopulations. Psammophora nissenii (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes Status: VU B1B2ce Very attractive plant. Psammophora saxicola H.E.K.Hartmann Status: EN B1B2ce There are apparently several large well-established subpopulations. Ruschianthemum gigas (Dinter) Friedrich? Eulophia livingstoniana (Rchb.f.) Summerh. Status: EN B1B2ce Threats: Urban expansion, collection -East Very pretty flowers. Last collected in Occurs in forests and along river. Eulophia walleri Kraenzl. Status: VU B1B2ce Threats: Fire, collection Attractive flower. Occasionally in tall grassland. Habenaria epipactidea Rchb.f. -Central, North-East Holothrix filicornis Immelman & Schelpe Status: EN B1B2ceD1, urban expansion, collection SCROPHULARIACEAE Chamaegigas intrepidus Dinter Status: EN C2a -Central Seasonal, submerged plant in granite outcrops. Collected because is considered a resurrection plant. Diclis tenuissima Pilg. -Central Very small, delicate plants; occur in moss in damp areas. May be undercollected because misidentified. Not collected since Dintera pterocaulis Stapf Known from type only, not collected since 1920s. Monospecific Namibian endemic genus. EXTINCT & THREATENED 71

9 Nemesia karasbergensis L.Bolus Known from type only, collected in Nemesia violiflora Roessler SELAGINACEAE Cromidon pusillum (Roessler) Hilliard -East Known from one collection in 1939 only. Selago lepida Hilliard Threats: Grazing/browsing -West-Central, South-East Previously confused with S. albida. Pretty and not common. Selago nachtigalii Rolfe Threats: Grazing/browsing, South-Central STERCULIACEAE Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch. var. velutina I.Verd. ULMACEAE Trema orientalis (L.) Blume -West-Central Very limited distribution. VERBENACEAE Priva auricoccea A.Meeuse -West Known from type only. VITACEAE Cyphostemma bainesii (Hook.f.) Desc., harvested Fruits eaten. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Neoluederitzia sericeocarpa Schinz Zygophyllum giessii Merxm. A.Schreib. Threats: Grazing/browsing Juveniles and seedlings occur. Grazing damage occurs. Zygophyllum inflatum Van Zyl -West Only three specimens seen with abundant seeds. Zygophyllum macrocarpon Retief Subpopulations are few and small, but seeds are numerous. Weakly grazed. Zygophyllum pterocaule Van Zyl Threats: Urban expansion Not grazed. SOLANACEAE Nicotiana africana Merxm. Status: VU D1D2 Threats: Pests/diseases -West-Central Occurs on granite outcrops or inselbergs. No juveniles seen, seeds have been used in the USA and South Africa for possible improvement of tobacco. Plants have been grown from seed. Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Status: VU B1B2ceC2a, habitat degradation -Central Live plants or seed exchanged. Stem sap poisonous. Has ethnobotanical use. Zygophyllum schreiberianum Merxm. & Giess One large subpopulation. Usually occasional. Scattered individuals, juveniles and seedlings seen. Zygophyllum segmentatum Van Zyl ined., urban expansion Young plants seen. The erect form of Juttadinteria deserticola. (Photo: G. Williamson) One of the few Namibian orchids, Eulophia leachii. (Photo: C. Hines) 72 EXTINCT & THREATENED

10 LOWER RISK ACANTHACEAE Barleria lanceolata (Schinz) Oberm. Barleria mackenii Hook.f. Barleria macrostegia Nees Barleria rigida Willd. ex Nees Barleria senensis Klotzsch Barleria solitaria P.G.Mey. -West-Central Blepharis diversispina (Nees) C.B.Clarke Blepharis furcata (L.f.) Pers. Blepharis gigantea Oberm. -Central Blepharis grossa (Nees) T.Anderson Blepharis integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. ex Schinz var. integrifolia Blepharis leendertziae Oberm. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth Blepharis mitrata C.B.Clarke Blepharis obmitrata C.B.Clarke Blepharis pruinosa Engl. -Central, Central Fairly widespread. Blepharis tenuiramea S.Moore -East Justicia guerkeana Schinz Justicia platysepala (S.Moore) P.G.Mey. Megalochlamys marlothii (Engl.) Lindau Monechma cleomoides (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke -West to South-West-Central Monechma desertorum (Engl.) C.B.Clarke to South Monechma genistifolium (Engl.) C.B.Clarke subsp. australe (P.G.Mey.) Munday Monechma genistifolium (Engl.) C.B.Clarke subsp. genistifolium Monechma grandiflorum Schinz Monechma mollissimum (Nees) P.G.Mey. Monechma salsola (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke Monechma tonsum P.G.Mey. -West, North-Central Peristrophe grandibracteata Lindau Peristrophe hereroensis (Schinz) K.Balkwill Peristrophe namibensis K.Balkwill subsp. brandbergensis K.Balkwill -West-Central Peristrophe namibensis K.Balkwill subsp. namibensis -Central Petalidium angustitubum P.G.Mey. -West Petalidium bracteatum Oberm. -West Petalidium canescens (Engl.) C.B.Clarke Petalidium cirrhiferum S.Moore -West Petalidium coccineum S.Moore -West Petalidium crispum A.Meeuse ex P.G.Mey. -West Petalidium cymbiforme Schinz, South-Central Petalidium engleranum (Schinz) C.B.Clarke Petalidium giessii P.G.Mey. -West Petalidium halimoides (Nees) S.Moore -West Petalidium lanatum (Engl.) C.B.Clarke Distribution: West-Central Petalidium linifolium T.Anderson -Central, South-Central Petalidium lucens Oberm. Petalidium luteo-album A.Meeuse -West, West-Central Petalidium pilosi-bracteolatum Merxm. & Hainz to Central Petalidium ramulosum Schinz -Central Petalidium rossmannianum P.G.Mey. -West, West-Central Petalidium setosum C.B.Clarke ex Schinz LOWER RISK 73

11 Petalidium variabile (Engl.) C.B.Clarke Hermbstaedtia spathulifolia (Engl.) Baker -West-Central Hexalobus monopetalus (A.Rich.) Engl. & Diels var. monopetalus -West Ruellia aspera (Schinz) Phillips Ruellia brandbergensis Kers -West-Central Ruellia diversifolia S.Moore AIZOACEAE Aizoanthemum dinteri (Schinz) Friedrich -West-Central Aizoanthemum galenioides (Fenzl ex Sond.) Friedrich -West-Central Rare on sand near the coast in central Namib. Aizoanthemum membrum-connectens Dinter ex Friedrich -West-Central On sand generally near the coast. Aizoon giessii Friedrich Galenia africana L. Galenia papulosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. Tetragonia schenckii (Schinz) Engl. Trianthema hereroensis Schinz -Central Tribulocarpus dimorphanthus (Pax) S.Moore AMARANTHACEAE Arthraerua leubnitziae (Kuntze) Schinz -West-Central, North-West Calicorema squarrosa (Schinz) Schinz Hermbstaedtia argenteiformis Schinz Leucosphaera bainesii (Hook.f.) Gilg Marcelliopsis denudata (Hook.f.) Schinz Marcelliopsis splendens (Schinz) Schinz Marcelliopsis welwitschii (Hook.f.) Schinz Sericocoma heterochiton Lopr. AMARYLLIDACEAE Ammocharis nerinoides (Baker) Lehmiller -East, East-Central Perhaps undercollected. Boophane disticha (L.f.) Herb. Haemanthus coccineus L. Nerine laticoma (Ker Gawl.) T.Durand & Schinz ANACARDIACEAE Ozoroa concolor (C.Presl. ex Sond.) De Winter Ozoroa dispar (C.Presl.) R.R. & A.Fern., South-East Ozoroa longipes (Engl. & Gilg) R.R. & A.Fern. -East Has ethnobotanical use. Ozoroa namaensis (Schinz & Dinter) R.Fern. Ozoroa schinzii (Engl.) R.R. & A.Fern. Rhus problematoides Merxm. & Roessler -Central ANNONACEAE Friesodielsia obovata (Benth.) Verdc. Xylopia odoratissima Welw. ex Oliv. APIACEAE Heteromorpha papillosa C.C.Towns. Phlyctidocarpa flava Cannon & Theobald -West APOCYNACEAE Adenium boehmianum Schinz Baissea wulfhorstii Schinz Brachystelma blepharanthera H.E.Huber Brachystelma circinatum E.Mey. Threats: Grazing/browsing -East, East-Central Usually in the open amongst tufts of grass between trees. Brachystelma cupulatum R.A.Dyer Probably undercollected and confused, but is common and may be more widespread. Brachystelma dinteri Schltr. to East Very variable in habitat preferences. Often overlooked as it is inconspicuous; the leaves could be mistaken for other herbs. Brachystelma gymnopodum (Schltr.) Bruyns Brachystelma stenophyllum (Schltr.) R.A.Dyer Threats: Grazing/browsing Inconspicuous plant that grows close to or underneath bushes, some in grass clumps. Carissa haematocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Ceropegia lugardiae N.E.Br., East-Central, North-East Striking and vigorous. Ceropegia multiflora Baker subsp. tentaculata (N.E.Br.) H.E.Huber 74 LOWER RISK

12 Ceropegia nilotica Kotschy Moist areas with thick bushes and deep soil, but confined to the thickest bushes. Rather attractive flower. Ceropegia purpurascens K.Schum. Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion, collection Prefers very dense bush and forest in wet areas. Is cultivated. Hoodia flava (N.E.Br.) Plowes Threats: Grazing/browsing, collection Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. Threats: Grazing/browsing, collection Pentarrhinum insipidum E.Mey. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. leiocarpa (K.Schum.) H.E.Huber Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. daemia Piaranthus decorus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. cornutus (N.E.Br.) Meve Ceropegia racemosa N.E.Br. subsp. setifera (Schltr.)H.E.Huber Occurs on limestone, dolomite or granite outcrops. Namibian specimens deviate from the South African form. The species is similar to Pentarrhinum insipidum vegetatively and may be undercollected. Ceropegia stenoloba Hochst. ex Chiov. Can be confused with Pentarrhinum insipidum vegetatively. Odd combination of features for the genus. Cynanchum meyeri (Decne.) Schltr. Not directly threatened because of its remote habitat. Cynanchum orangeanum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. Duvalia maculata N.E.Br. Duvalia polita N.E.Br. Widespread and variable. Ectadium latifolium (Schinz) N.E.Br. Hoodia parviflora N.E.Br. -West Lavrania marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns Lavrania picta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. picta Microloma calycinum E.Mey. subsp. calycinum Dry, rocky slopes. Microloma hereroense Wanntorp -West-Central High areas only. Microloma incanum Decne. Microloma longitubum Schltr. Wide and disjunct distribution. Microloma penicillatum Schltr. Orthanthera albida Schinz Quaqua mammillaris (L.) Bruyns, collection Sarcostemma pearsonii N.E.Br., mainly South Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. thunbergii (Don) Liede & Meve Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. viminale Stapelia flavopurpurea Marloth, Central Stapelia gariepensis Pillans, collection Stapelia kwebensis N.E.Br. Stapelia longipedicellata (A.Berger) N.E.Br. Very smelly. Stapelia schinzii A.Berger & Schltr. var. schinzii Ectadium rotundifolium (H.Huber) Venter & Kotze -West Ectadium virgatum E.Mey., South-West-Central Gomphocarpus filiformis (E.Mey.) Dietr. Gomphocarpus rostratus (N.E.Br.) Bullock Threats: Habitat degradation -East Not collected since the 1950s; could be undercollected and missed because of growing in the grassveld. Gomphocarpus tomentosus Burch. Hoodia currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. currorii Orthanthera jasminiflora (Decne.) Schinz Pachypodium lealii Welw. Threats: Grazing/browsing, collection Pachypodium namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Welw., collection One of the two subpopulations assessed in two localities looked healthy, except for low regeneration/ recruitment young plants were not common. Ten other known subpopulations were not visited. Pentarrhinum abyssinicum Decne. subsp. abyssinicum Pentarrhinum abyssinicum Decne. subsp. angolense (N.E.Br.) Liede & Nicholas Stigmatorhynchus hereroensis Schltr. Strophanthus amboensis (Schinz) Engl. & Pax -West, North-West-Central, Central Tridentea marientalensis (Nel) L.C.Leach subsp. albipilosa (Giess) L.C.Leach, South-East Tridentea marientalensis (Nel) L.C.Leach subsp. marientalensis LOWER RISK 75

13 Tylophora fleckii (Schltr.) N.E.Br. ASPHODELACEAE Aloe asperifolia A.Berger Threats: Habitat degradation, collection -West, Caprivi Could be confused with A. pachygaster and A. claviflora. Aloe claviflora Burch., collection May be confused with A. pachygaster. Aloe dichotoma Masson to North-West-Central Aloe esculenta L.C.Leach Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion, collection, East Flowers eaten. Aloe gariepensis Pillans Aloe hereroensis Engl. var. hereroensis Aloe hereroensis Engl. var. lutea A.Berger Aloe littoralis Baker Aloe striata Haw. subsp. karasbergensis (Pillans) Glen & D.S.Hardy Threats: Habitat degradation, collection Evidence of illegal collecting was found. Aloe variegata L. Small plant cm. Relatively common in the south. Aloe zebrina Baker Trachyandra ensifolia (Sölch) Roessler ASTERACEAE Anisopappus pinnatifidus (Klatt) O.Hoffm. ex Hutch. Antiphiona fragrans (Merxm.) Merxm. -West-Central, North Antiphiona pinnatisecta (S.Moore) Merxm. Arctotis leiocarpa Harv. Berkheya schinzii O.Hoffm. Calostephane marlothiana O.Hoffm. Endemic, mainly West Crassocephalum coeruleum (O.Hoffm.) R.E.Fr. Didelta carnosa (L.f.) Aiton var. carnosa Didelta spinosa (L.f.) Aiton Eriocephalus ambiguus (DC.) M.A.N.Müller Undercollected. Eriocephalus dinteri S.Moore -Central, South-Central, South-East Restricted to high mountains above 1,000 m. Eriocephalus giessii M.A.N.Müller In mountainous areas over 1,000 m above sea level. Eriocephalus kingesii Merxm. & Eberle Occurs mainly near the coast. Eriocephalus pauperrimus Merxm. & Eberle, South-East Undercollected. Eriocephalus pinnatus O.Hoffm. Threats: Browsing -West, North-West-Central Unique in the genus. Eriocephalus scariosus DC. Felicia smaragdina (S.Moore) Merxm., mainly South Geigeria acaulis Benth. & Hook.f. ex Oliv. & Hiern Geigeria alata (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Oliv. & Hiern Helichrysum tomentosulum (Klatt) Merxm. subsp. aromaticum (Dinter) Merxm. Lasiopogon volkii (B.Nord.) Hilliard Myxopappus hereroensis (O.Hoffm.) Källersjö -West-Central, North Ondetia linearis Benth., North Osteospermum montanum Klatt Osteospermum muricatum E.Mey. ex DC. subsp. longiradiatum Norl.? Othonna brandbergensis B.Nord. -West-Central On high areas of mountains only and may therefore be more widespread. Very fragmented distribution. Othonna graveolens O.Hoffm.? Othonna lasiocarpa (DC.) Sch.Bip. Distribution: West to South Good subject for bonsai. Othonna protecta Dinter Distribution: West Othonna sparsiflora (S.Moore) B.Nord.?, collection Pegolettia oxyodonta DC. Pegolettia pinnatilobata (Klatt) O.Hoffm. ex Dinter Pegolettia plumosa M.D.Hend. Distribution: mainly South May be more widespread than specimens indicate. 76 LOWER RISK

14 Pegolettia retrofracta (Thunb.) Kies Pegolettia senegalensis Cass. Pteronia eenii S.Moore Pteronia polygalifolia O.Hoffm. -Central, South-Central Rennera eenii (S.Moore) Källersjö, East-Central Used as chamomile. Rennera limnophila Merxm. Senecio alliariifolius O.Hoffm. -West Senecio engleranus O.Hoffm., mainly West Senecio giessii Merxm. Tripteris nervosa Hutch. Vernonia obionifolia O.Hoffm. subsp. dentata Merxm. Vernonia obionifolia O.Hoffm. subsp. obionifolia BALANITACEAE Balanites welwitschii (Tiegh.) Exell & Mendonça -West Cordia sinensis Lam. BRASSICACEAE Heliophila carnosa (Thunb.) Steud. Heliophila cornuta Sond. var. squamata (Schltr.) Marais Heliophila deserticola Schltr. var. deserticola Sisymbrium burchellii DC. var. burchellii BURSERACEAE Commiphora africana (A.Rich.) Engl. Commiphora anacardiifolia Dinter & Engl. -West Commiphora capensis (Sond.) Engl. Commiphora cervifolia J.J.A.van der Walt Is sought-after for gardens. Not common. Commiphora crenato-serrata Engl. -West Commiphora dinteri Engl. Distribution: West Commiphora discolor Mendes -West Commiphora edulis (Klotzsch) Engl. Occasional in riverbank (Zambezi) bush. Commiphora krauseliana Heine -West, North-West-Central Commiphora mollis (Oliv.) Engl. Commiphora multijuga (Hiern) K.Schum. -West Commiphora namaensis Schinz -West-Central, South-East Commiphora oblanceolata Schinz -West, North-West-Central Has fragmented distribution and is not common where it occurs. Commiphora pyracanthoides Engl. Commiphora saxicola Engl. Distribution: West Commiphora tenuipetiolata Engl. Commiphora virgata Engl. -West, North-West-Central Commiphora wildii Merxm. -West, North-West-Central CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia androsacea A.DC. Wahlenbergia erophiloides Markgr. Could be overlooked and is probably more widespread. CAPPARACEAE BIGNONIACEAE Catophractes alexandri D.Don Rhigozum virgatum Merxm. & A.Schreib. -West BORAGINACEAE Cordia grandicalyx Oberm. Cordia monoica Roxb. Commiphora giessii J.J.A.van der Walt -West Commiphora glandulosa Schinz Commiphora glaucescens Engl. Commiphora gracilifrondosa Dinter ex J.J.A.van der Walt, collection Sought-after for gardens, not common. Boscia angustifolia A.Rich. var. corymbosa (Gilg) DeWolf Very few specimens and small distribution. Boscia microphylla Oliv. -West Boscia tomentosa Toelken -West May be undercollected. Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LOWER RISK 77

15 Cadaba schroeppelii Suess. -West, North-West-Central Capparis hereroensis Schinz? -Central Capparis tomentosa Lam. -East Not many specimens and collected decades ago. Cleome carnosa (Pax) Gilg & Benedict -West-Central Maerua angolensis DC. Maerua gilgii Schinz Maerua juncea Pax subsp. juncea Maerua parvifolia Pax Maerua schinzii Pax CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus namaensis Schinz var. dinteri (Schinz) Hooper CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia gariepensis M.Jordaan ined. Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Loes. subsp. lanceolata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) M.Jordaan ined. Gymnosporia syzyszylowiczii (Kuntze) M.Jordaan subsp. namibensis M.Jordaan ined. CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex amboensis Schinz Lophiocarpus latifolius Nowicke Lophiocarpus polystachyus Turcz. Lophiocarpus tenuissimus Hook.f. Suaeda articulata Aellen COLCHICACEAE Hexacyrtis dickiana Dinter Ornithoglossum calcicola K.Krause & Dinter, Central Poisonous. COMBRETACEAE Combretum albopunctatum Suess. -East Combretum elaeagnoides Klotzsch -East Combretum psidioides Welw. subsp. dinteri (Schinz) Exell Combretum wattii Exell Rourea orientalis Baill. CONNARACEAE CONVOLVULACEAE Merremia bipinnatipartita (Engl.) Hallier f. -West-Central Merremia guerichii A.Meeuse -West, Central Seddera schizantha Hallier f. CRASSULACEAE Crassula brevifolia Harv. subsp. brevifolia, collection Crassula elegans Schonland & Baker f. subsp. elegans On soil and quartzite. Crassula fusca A.G.J.Herre Crassula lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. subsp. transvaalensis (Kuntze) Toelken Crassula macowaniana Schonland & Baker f., collection Crassula muscosa L. var. muscosa Crassula rhodesica (Merxm.) Wickens & Bywater Tylecodon paniculatus (L.f.) Toelken Hybridises easily. Tylecodon rubrovenosus (Dinter) Toelken Many juveniles seen. Tylecodon schaeferianus (Dinter) Toelken, collection Grows in sun on low to high rock outcrops and inselbergs. CUCURBITACEAE Acanthosicyos horridus Welw. ex Hook.f. Distribution: West Acanthosicyos naudinianus (Sond.) C.Jeffrey Citrullus ecirrhosus Cogn. Citrullus rehmii De Winter, mainly West Corallocarpus schinzii Cogn. Dactyliandra welwitschii Hook.f. Momordica welwitschii Hook.f. CYPERACEAE Bolboschoenus nobilis (Ridl.) Goetgh. & Simpson Needs permanent water. DRACAENACEAE Sansevieria pearsonii N.E.Br. EBENACEAE Diospyros acocksii (De Winter) De Winter 78 LOWER RISK

16 -West-Central, South-East Incorrectly identified. Diospyros chamaethamnus Dinter ex Mildbr. Forms colonies covering large areas. Has ethnobotanical use. Diospyros virgata (Gürke) Brenan -East Euclea asperrima Friedr.-Holzh. ELATINACEAE Bergia glutinosa Dinter & Schulze-Menz ERIOSPERMACEAE Euphorbia ephedroides E.Mey ex Boiss. var. ephedroides Euphorbia forskalii J.Gay, Webb & Berthel. Euphorbia gariepina Boiss. subsp. balsamea (Welw. ex Hiern) L.C.Leach Euphorbia gariepina Boiss. subsp. gariepina Euphorbia giessii L.C.Leach -Central Jatropha orangeana Dinter ex P.G.Mey., South-East FABACEAE Acacia hebeclada DC. subsp. tristis A.Schreib. Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. subsp. mellifera Acacia montis-usti Merxm. & A.Schreib. -West Acacia nebrownii Burtt Davy Acacia robynsiana Merxm. & A.Schreib. -West Eriospermum bakerianum Schinz subsp. bakerianum Eriospermum bakerianum Schinz subsp. tortuosum (Dammer) P.L. Perry Eriospermum mackenii (Hook.f.) Baker subsp. galpinii (Schinz) P.L.Perry Eriospermum rautanenii Schinz Eriospermum roseum Schinz EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia glanduligera Pax Euphorbia gregaria Marloth Euphorbia guerichiana Pax Euphorbia gummifera Boiss. Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. rostrata Brenan Adenolobus pechuelii (Kuntze) Torre & Hillc. subsp. mossamedensis (Torre & Hillc.) Brummitt & J.H.Ross Adenolobus pechuelii (Kuntze) Torre & Hillc. subsp. pechuelii -West, North-West-Central Albizia antunesiana Harms Amblygonocarpus andongensis (Welw. ex Oliv.) Exell & Torre Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter Euphorbia caperonioides R.A.Dyer & P.G.Mey. -West May be undercollected. Euphorbia chamaesycoides B.Nord. Euphorbia chersina N.E.Br. Euphorbia crotonoides Boiss. Euphorbia damarana L.C.Leach -Central Euphorbia decussata E.Mey. ex Boiss. Euphorbia dregeana E.Mey. ex Boiss. Euphorbia insarmentosa P.G.Mey. -West Euphorbia juttae Dinter, South-West-Central Euphorbia lignosa Marloth Euphorbia monteiroi Hook.f. subsp. monteiroi Euphorbia phylloclada Boiss. Euphorbia rudis N.E.Br. Euphorbia transvaalensis Schltr. Euphorbia virosa Willd. Bobgunnia madagascariensis (Desv.) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema Caesalpinia pearsonii L.Bolus -Central Common and fairly widespread. Caesalpinia rubra (Engl.) Brenan Crotalaria laburnifolia L. subsp. australis (Baker f.) Polhill Cullen biflora (Harv.) C.H.Stirt. Cyamopsis serrata Schinz Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. subsp. africana Brenan & Brummitt var. africana Entada arenaria Schinz subsp. arenaria LOWER RISK 79

17 Erythrina decora Harms Erythrophleum africanum (Welw. ex Benth.) Harms Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. Haematoxylum dinteri (Harms) Harms Seeds were collected for research on biological control of Caesalpinia decapetala. It is common and seeds are plentiful. Indigofera adenoides Baker f. Indigofera astragalina DC. Indigofera baumiana Harms Indigofera demissa Taub. Indigofera filipes Benth. ex Harv. Indigofera flavicans Baker var. flavicans Indigofera gairdneriae Hutch. ex Baker f. Indigofera heterotricha DC. Indigofera holubii N.E.Br. Indigofera inhambanensis Klotzsch Indigofera nudicaulis E.Mey. Indigofera nummulariifolia (L.) Liv. ex Alston Indigofera pechuelii Kuntze Indigofera rautanenii Baker f. Lebeckia halenbergensis Merxm. & A.Schreib. Confined to winter-rainfall area where mining is on the increase. Lessertia acanthorhachis (Dinter) Dinter On outcrops in dunes. Lotononis bainesii Baker Known from three specimens only. Lotononis bracteosa B.-E.van Wyk -West, North-West-Central Previously misidentified. Lotononis platycarpa (Viv.) Pic.Serm. Most widespread of genus. Lotononis schreiberi B.-E.van Wyk -West-Central Lotononis strigillosa (Merxm. & A.Schreib.) A.Schreib. Winter-rainfall region. Lotononis tenuis Baker -West Known from two specimens only. Mimosa pigra L. Neorautanenia amboensis Schinz Neptunia oleracea Lour. Ormocarpum kirkii S.Moore -East Peltophorum africanum Sond. Sesbania microphylla Harms ex E.Phillips & Hutch. Sesbania pachycarpa DC. subsp. dinterana J.B.Gillett Tephrosia monophylla Schinz FLACOURTIACEAE Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Homalium abdessammadii Asch. & Schweinf. Oncoba spinosa Forssk. -East FRANKENIACEAE Frankenia pomonensis Pohnert Has been recorded at old mine site, so appears to be able to grow on disturbed areas along the coast. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium otaviense R.Knuth Sarcocaulon inerme Rehm Sarcocaulon marlothii Engl. Sarcocaulon mossamedense (Welw. ex Oliv.) Hiern -West Sarcocaulon patersonii (DC.) G.Don HYACINTHACEAE Lachenalia giessii W.F.Barker, collection Ornithogalum candidum Oberm., South-West-Central Ornithogalum glandulosum Oberm. Ornithogalum nanodes F.M.Leight. Very small geophyte. Ornithogalum ornithogaloides (Kunth) Oberm. Distribution: East-Central Ornithogalum pulchrum Schinz Ornithogalum rautanenii Schinz Grows near waterholes so may be threatened by transformation of the area. Ornithogalum seineri (Engl. & K.Krause) Oberm. Lessertia eremicola Dinter 80 LOWER RISK

18 Ornithogalum stapffii Schinz Ornithogalum subcoriaceum L.Bolus Ornithogalum toxicarium C.Archer & R.H.Archer Ornithogalum tubiforme (Oberm.) Oberm. Ornithogalum unifolium Retz. -West-Central Has ethnobotanical use. Hyptis spicigera Lam. Plectranthus dinteri Briq. -Central Plectranthus hereroensis Engl. Stachys dinteri Launert Tapinanthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Danser Nesaea schinzii Koehne Rotala dinteri Koehne LYTHRACEAE MALVACEAE Gossypium herbaceum L. subsp. africanum (D.Watt) Vollesen Codon royenii L. Near-endemic HYDROPHYLLACEAE Codon schenckii Schinz IRIDACEAE Ferraria glutinosa (Baker) Rendle Lobelia erinus L. LOBELIACEAE LORANTHACEAE Agelanthus discolor (Schinz) Balle, North Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens Hibiscus articulatus Hochst. ex A.Rich. Pavonia rehmannii Szyszyl. MELIACEAE Turraea zambesica Sprague & Hutch. Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel Gladiolus magnificus (Harms) Goldblatt Known from very few specimens. Magnificent plant. Occurs in Kalahari sandveld, often with tall grass that is regularly overgrazed or burnt in northeast. Gladiolus orchidiflorus Andrews One of the most widespread South African winterrainfall species. Difficult to see because of dull colour of the flowers, but these are wonderfully scented. Gladiolus permeabilis D.Delaroche subsp. edulis (Burch. ex Ker Gawl.) Oberm. Gladiolus saccatus (Klatt) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos Moraea carsonii Baker Open grassland and rocky slopes seasonally wet. Poorly known, but is expected to be more widespread. Moraea polystachya (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. Widespread in dry areas, variety of habitats. Can cover hectares in good years. Poisonous to cattle and sheep. Moraea venenata Dinter Flat areas of alkaline to saline soils. Almost nearendemic. Toxic to stock. Needs study. Agelanthus terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Polhill & Wiens -East Oncocalyx welwitschii (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens Phragmanthera dombeyae (K.Krause & Dinter) Polhill & Wiens Usually montane or riverine forest, can be a pest. Phragmanthera glaucocarpa (Peyr.) Balle -Central Plateau regions. Is a parasite on Croton, but also has other hosts, pest of citrus. Phragmanthera guerichii (Engl.) Balle Plicosepalus kalachariensis (Schinz) Danser Plicosepalus undulatus (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. to North MELIANTHACEAE Melianthus pectinatus Harv. subsp. gariepinus (Merxm. & Roessler) Tansley, South-East MENISPERMACEAE Antizoma angustifolia (Burch.) Miers ex Harv. MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Amphibolia rupis-arcutae (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann?, collection In soft, firm sand near the sea and on slopes, often in limestone. Amphibolia saginata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann, collection Antimima dolomitica (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann, collection LAMIACEAE Aeollanthus neglectus (Dinter) Launert Hemizygia floccosa Launert Septulina glauca (Thunb.) Tiegh. Septulina ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. Antimima perforata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann, collection Aptenia geniculiflora (L.) Bittrich ex Gerbaulet ined. -West-Central to South-East Very widespread. LOWER RISK 81

19 Aridaria brevicarpa L.Bolus Widespread and common. Hypertelis spergulacea E.Mey. ex Fenzl Near-endemic Boerhavia repens L. Aridaria noctiflora (L.) Schwantes subsp. noctiflora Widespread and common. Aridaria noctiflora (L.) Schwantes subsp. straminea (Haw.) Gerbaulet Widespread and common. Aridaria serotina L.Bolus Widespread and common. Brownanthus ciliatus (Aiton) Schwantes subsp. schenckii (Schinz) Ihlenf. & Bittrich, South-East Cephalophyllum ebracteatum (Pax ex Schltr. & Diels) Dinter & Schwantes One subpopulation at a mine is probably destroyed by now. Eberlanzia clausa (Dinter) Schwantes Eberlanzia sedoides (Dinter & A.Berger) Schwantes Mesembryanthemum pellitum Friedrich Common, but known only from fewer than five localities. Psammophora modesta (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes Many subpopulations. Psilocaulon salicornioides (Pax) Schwantes Synaptophyllum juttae (Dinter & A.Berger) N.E.Br. MOLLUGINACEAE Hypertelis bowkeriana Sond. Hypertelis salsoloides (Burch.) Adamson Limeum aethiopicum Burm.f. var. glabrum Moq. Limeum arenicolum G.Schellenb. Limeum argute-carinatum Wawra & Peyr. Limeum dinteri G.Schellenb. Limeum fenestratum (Fenzl) Heimerl var. fenestratum Limeum myosotis H.Walter Limeum pterocarpum (J.Gay) Heimerl Limeum sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. nummulifolium (H.Walter) Friedrich Limeum viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum Mollugo walteri Friedrich Fairly widespread and possibly more common, if correctly identified and collected more often. Pharnaceum brevicaule (DC.) Bartl. MORACEAE Ficus fischeri Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burret Ficus glumosa Delile -West Ficus pygmaea Welw. ex Hiern Has ethnobotanical use. Ficus sycomorus L. Ficus thonningii Blume MORINGACEAE Moringa ovalifolia Dinter & A.Berger NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia deserticola Codd -West, North-West-Central Nymphaea lotus L. Olax dissitiflora Oliv. -West NYMPHAEACEAE OLACACEAE Ximenia americana L. var. americana Ximenia caffra Sond. var. natalensis OLEACEAE Schrebera trichoclada Welw. OPILIACEAE Opilia campestris Engl. var. campestris ORCHIDACEAE Eulophia speciosa (R.Br. ex Lindl.) Bolus -Central, East Few to many plants may be seen in local colonies. Flowers very attractive. Has ethnobotanical value. Habenaria armatissima Rchb.f. -Central, North-East PASSIFLORACEAE Adenia repanda (Burch.) Engl. PEDALIACEAE Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn. subsp. procumbens Status: LR-cd Rogeria bigibbosa Engl. Rogeria longiflora (Royen) J.Gay ex DC. Sesamothamnus benguellensis Welw. -West Sesamothamnus guerichii (Engl.) E.A.Bruce 82 LOWER RISK

20 Sesamum abbreviatum Merxm. Sesamum angolense Welw. Sesamum capense Burm.f. Sesamum marlothii Engl. Sesamum rigidum Peyr. subsp. merenskyanum Ihlenf. & Seidenst. Sesamum schinzianum Asch. PLUMBAGINACEAE Plumbago pearsonii L.Bolus to South POACEAE Eragrostis arenicola C.E.Hubb. Eragrostis patens Oliv. Eragrostis walteri Pilg. Pennisetum foermeranum Leeke Pogonarthria leiarthra Hack. Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov. Stipagrostis damarensis (Mez) De Winter to Central Stipagrostis garubensis (Pilg.) De Winter Stipagrostis gonatostachys (Pilg.) De Winter to South Stipagrostis hermannii (Mez) De Winter Stipagrostis hochstetteriana (L.C.Beck ex Hack.) De Winter var. hochstetteriana Stipagrostis namibensis De Winter Stipagrostis sabulicola (Pilg.) De Winter to South POLYGALACEAE Polygala guerichiana Engl. PORTULACACEAE Anacampseros albissima Marloth Ceraria fruticulosa H.Pearson & Stephens Ceraria longipedunculata Merxm. & Podlech -East Ceraria namaquensis (Sond.) H.Pearson & Stephens Portulaca foliosa Ker Gawl. Portulacaria armiana van Jaarsv. PTAEROXYLACEAE Ptaeroxylon obliquum (Thunb.) Radlk. RUBIACEAE Amphiasma divaricatum (Engl.) Bremek. Amphiasma merenskyanum Bremek. -West, North-Central, Central Kohautia azurea (Dinter & K.Krause) Bremek., wide RUTACEAE Citropsis daweana Swingle Armed shrub. Limited to riverine vegetation. Is utilised. SANTALACEAE Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud. Thesium xerophyticum A.W.Hill Not collected since SCROPHULARIACEAE Antherothamnus pearsonii N.E.Br Anticharis ebracteata Schinz Distribution: West Anticharis imbricata Schinz -Central Anticharis inflata Marloth & Engl. Aptosimum arenarium Engl. Seems to be on slopes of mountains. Aptosimum suberosum Weber Threats: Grazing/browsing -Central Perennial herb forms carpets. Limited distribution that could be affected by over-stocking of game. Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst. Hiernia angolensis S.Moore Jamesbrittenia megadenia Hilliard Manulea dubia (Skan) Overkott ex Roessler -West-Central, Central, South-West, South-East Manulea gariepina Benth. Manulea namibensis (Roessler) Hilliard Manuleopsis dinteri Thell. Nemesia fruticans (Thunb.) Benth. LOWER RISK 83

21 Phyllopodium hispidulum (Thell.) Hilliard? SELAGINACEAE Selago albomarginata Hilliard Distribution: East Selago alopecuroides Rolfe Selago amboensis Rolfe Selago dinteri Rolfe subsp. dinteri Selago divaricata L.f. Selago kurtdinteri Hilliard LR-nt may be a better assessment, as it prefers areas around pans, which are often trampled. It is widespread. TILIACEAE Corchorus merxmuelleri Wild -West-Central Grewia falcistipula K.Schum. Fruits edible. Forsskaolea candida L.f. URTICACEAE Forsskaolea hereroensis Schinz Forsskaolea viridis Ehrenb. ex Webb Obetia carruthersiana (Hiern) Rendle VAHLIACEAE Vahlia capensis (L.f.) Thunb. subsp. capensis VERBENACEAE Cyphostemma hereroense (Schinz) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. Cyphostemma omburense (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. -West Cyphostemma ruacanense (Exell & Mendonça) Desc. -West Has ethnobotanical use. Cyphostemma sandersonii (Harv.) Desc. Threats: Habitat degradation -Central, East Has ethnobotanical use. Cyphostemma uter (Exell & Mendonça) Desc. Threats: Habitat degradation, collection -West No young plants were seen in field. WELWITSCHIACEAE Welwitschia mirabilis Hook.f. -West-Central, North-West ZYGOPHYLLACEAE SOLANACEAE Lycium grandicalyx Joubert & Venter, South-East Solanum dinteri Bitter Solanum rigescentoides Hutch. STERCULIACEAE Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch. var. rotundifolia Hermannia amabilis Marloth ex K.Schum. -West, Central Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori TECOPHILAEACEAE Cyanella amboensis Schinz -West-Central Lantana dinteri Moldenke (wide) VISCACEAE Viscum capense L.f. Shrubland, usually coastal and riverine. Various hosts. Viscum rotundifolium L.f. Distribution: West, Central Viscum schaeferi Engl. & K.Krause Dry woodland and mixed bushveld. Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich. VITACEAE Cyphostemma cirrhosum (Thunb.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. subsp. transvaalense (Szyszyl.) C.A.Sm. Threats: Habitat degradation -East Cyphostemma congestum (Baker) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. Distribution: West, North-Central Cyphostemma currorii (Hook.f.) Desc., habitat degradation -West, Central Fagonia isotricha Murb. var. spinescens (Schwartz) Hadidi Sisyndite spartea E.Mey. ex Sond. Zygophyllum applanatum Van Zyl Threats: Grazing/browsing Limited distribution in mainly winter rainfall area. Seedlings and young plants seen. Populations of hundreds of plants are seen where no grazing occurs. Zygophyllum clavatum Schltr. & Diels Distribution: West Zygophyllum cordifolium L.f. Large subpopulations; wide distribution. Zygophyllum cretaceum Van Zyl ined. Limited distribution, scattered individuals. Zygophyllum cylindrifolium Schinz -West, North-West-Central Grazing damage is minimal. 84 LOWER RISK

22 Zygophyllum decumbens Delile var. decumbens Widespread, large populations with many individuals from young to old. Zygophyllum hirticaule Van Zyl Threats: Grazing/browsing Large subpopulations with seedlings and juveniles seen. Needs further collecting. Zygophyllum leptopetalum E.Mey.ex Sond. Threats: Grazing/browsing Scattered individuals over large areas; palatable. Zygophyllum leucocladum Schltr. & Diels Threats: Grazing/browsing Zygophyllum longicapsulare Schinz Grazing damage negligible. Large populations and scattered individuals occur. Limited distribution, small populations, individuals scattered, young and seedlings are rare. Zygophyllum microcarpum Cham. Probably not palatable, as grazing damage is rare. Occurs in large subpopulations that are widespread. Zygophyllum morgsana L. Threats: Grazing/browsing Young and seedlings are rare. Zygophyllum retrofractum Thunb. Zygophyllum rigidum Schinz Large subpopulations with many young plants and seedlings; many scattered individuals. Zygophyllum simplex L. Zygophyllum patenticaule Van Zyl ined. Restricted distribution. Large subpopulations with hundreds of individuals. Zygophyllum prismatocarpum E.Mey. ex Sond., South-West-Central Seedlings and juveniles present. Zygophyllum pubescens Schinz Zygophyllum spongiosum Van Zyl ined. Zygophyllum stapffii Schinz -West to South-West-Central Small and large subpopulations; no grazing. Zygophyllum tenue P.E.Glover Threats: Grazing/browsing Young individuals seen. Zygophyllum longistipulatum Schinz Ferraria schaefferi is listed as Vulnerable. (Photo: G. Owen-Smith) Landscape view in Namibia, Ondjamu Hill. (Photo: E. Marais & A.H. Kirk-Spriggs) LOWER RISK 85

23 DATA DEFICIENT ACANTHACEAE AMARYLLIDACEAE -East Known from one collection only. Asystasia schimperi T.Anderson Asystasia welwitschii S.Moore -West Not collected since the 1960s. Known from one specimen in Namibia, but widespread or well-known elsewhere. Barleria megalosiphon Mildbr. Known from one specimen collected in 1959, but widespread Barleria prionitis L. subsp. ameliae (A.Meeuse) Brummitt & Wood Blepharis macra (Nees) Vollesen Petalidium spiniferum C.B.Clarke -West Ruellia otaviensis P.G.Mey. AIZOACEAE Galenia fallax Pax Known from one collection in 1908 only. Taxonomically uncertain. Plinthus rehmannii G.Schellenb. Known from one collection in Tetragonia rangeana Engl. Known from the type and two additional specimens. ALLIACEAE Tulbaghia tenuior K.Krause & Dinter AMARANTHACEAE Sericocoma avolans Fenzl Sericocoma pungens Fenzl Brunsvigia radula (Jacq.) Aiton Crinum baumii Harms -East Crinum carolo-schmidtii Dinter Crinum euchrophyllum I.Verd. Crinum parvibulbosum Dinter ex Overkott Crinum rautanenianum Schinz -Central Crinum subcernuum Baker Crinum zeylanicum (L.) L. Cybistetes longifolia (L.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick. Cyrtanthus herrei (F.M.Leight.) R.A.Dyer Haemanthus namaquensis R.A.Dyer Haemanthus pubescens L.f. subsp. arenicola Snijman Nerine duparquetiana (Baill.) Baker Nerine pusilla Dinter -Central, South-West Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. subsp. katharinae (Baker) Friis & Nordal -West Known from one collection only. ANACARDIACEAE Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. tomentosa (Dunkley) Kokwaro Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. stuhlmannii (Engl.) Kokwaro Known from the type or a very limited number of specimens only. Ozoroa insignis Delile subsp. latifolia (Engl.) R.Fern. Known from two collections only. Ozoroa okavangensis R.R. & A.Fern.? -East border APIACEAE Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. frutescens P.J.D.Winter Has ethnobotanical use. APOCYNACEAE Adenium oleifolium Stapf Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Brachystelma codonanthum Bruyns -East Known from one specimen only. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Brachystelma recurvatum Bruyns Known from one specimen only. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Ceropegia floribunda N.E.Br. Ceropegia occidentalis R.A.Dyer Cynanchum gerrardii (Harvey) Liede Cynanchum schistoglossum Schltr. Known from two collections only, but widespread or well-known elsewhere. Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. var. caespitosa 86 DATA DEFICIENT

24 Fockea multiflora K.Schum. Hoodia officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. officinalis Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Huernia levyi Oberm. Known from only one collection in 1959 from a limited area. Huernia namaquensis Pillans Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Huernia thuretii Cels Recorded from one area that is very disjunct from other populations and has never been found again. Huernia urceolata L.C.Leach -West Known from two collections only. Taxonomically uncertain. Huernia verekeri Stent. var. verekeri Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion, collection -West Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Huernia zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. magniflora (Phillips) L.C.Leach Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Orbea albocastanea (Marloth) Bruyns Orbea huillensis (Hiern) Bruyns subsp. flava Bruyns Orbea lugardii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns Orbea lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.) Bruyns Orbea maculata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. kaokoensis Bruyns Orbea maculata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. rangeana (Dinter & A.Berger) Bruyns Orbea schweinfurthii (A.Berger) Bruyns Orbea valida (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. occidentalis Bruyns Pachycarpus lineolatus (Decne.) Bullock -East Piaranthus decipiens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Stapelia hirsuta L. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Stapelia schinzii A.Berger & Schltr. var. angolensis Kers Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Stapelia schinzii A.Berger & Schltr. var. bergeriana (Dinter) L.C.Leach Stapeliopsis urniflora Lavranos? Strophanthus kombe Oliv. Tromotriche aperta (Masson) Bruyns, mining Known from one locality only. ASPHODELACEAE Aloe melanacantha A.Berger, collection Rare in Namibia, could be confused with Aloe erinacea. Known from one specimen in Namibia, but widespread Bulbine tetraphylla Dinter, collection Trachyandra glandulosa (Dinter) Oberm. Known from type collected in 1931 and one disjunct specimen. Trachyandra lanata (Dinter) Oberm. ASTERACEAE Chrysocoma microphylla Thunb. Dicoma capensis Less. Dicoma cuneneensis Wild? -West Dicoma dinteri S.Moore Dicoma sessiliflora Harv. subsp. sessiliflora var. membranacea (S.Moore) S.Ortiz & Rodr.Oubina Distephanus angolensis (O.Hoffman) H.Rob. & B.Kahn -West Distephanus divaricatus (Steetz) H.Rob. & B.Kahn Hirpicium gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Roessler subsp. schinzii (O.Hoffm) Roessler -East Nicolasia heterophylla S.Moore subsp. affinis (S.Moore) Merxm. Nicolasia heterophylla S.Moore subsp. heterophylla Nicolasia nitens (O.Hoffm.) Eyles Known from a few disjunct collections only. Nicolasia pedunculata S.Moore Nicolasia stenoptera (O.Hoffm.) Merxm. subsp. makarikariensis (Bremer & Oberm.) Merxm. DATA DEFICIENT 87

25 Nicolasia stenoptera (O.Hoffm.) Merxm. subsp. stenoptera Nidorella resedifolia DC. subsp. frutescens Merxm. Nolletia tenuifolia Mattf. Osteospermum armatum Norl Only known from two specimens collected in the 1960s and 1970s. Pentatrichia rehmii (Merxm.) Merxm. Known from type only. Pteronia rangei Muschl. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Sphaeranthus epigaeus Schinz -Central Occurs in dense stands of grass and may have declined due to overgrazing. Sphaeranthus wattii Giess ex Merxm. -Central Known from type specimen only, collected in Vernonia glabra (Steetz) Vatke var. ondongensis (Klatt) Merxm.? BORAGINACEAE BURSERACEAE Commiphora mossambicensis (Oliv.) Engl. Known from one specimen collected in Widespread Commiphora viminea Burtt Davy CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia densicaulis Brehmer? Not collected since 1963, but may be overlooked in the years it is present. Wahlenbergia subumbellata Markgr. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium amboanum (Murr) Aellen Exomis microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen var. microphylla Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Suaeda merxmuelleri Aellen? Only four collections prior to the 1960s. Confused with S. fruticosa. COMBRETACEAE Combretum collinum Fresen. subsp. suluense (Engl. & Diels) Okafor Seems to be along northern rivers from west to east. Crassula ausensis Hutchison subsp. titanopsis Pavelka Known from one locality only. Crassula columnaris Thunb. subsp. prolifera Friedrich Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Crassula corallina Thunb. subsp. macrorrhiza Toelken Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Crassula deceptor Schonland & Baker f. Grows solitary or in colonies, usually on white quartzite; good camouflage. Uprooted by goat hooves. Needs collecting. Crassula deltoidea Thunb. Crassula dependens Bolus Crassula exilis Harv. subsp. sedifolia (N.E.Br.) Toelken Tiny cushion plants in rock crevices. Known from one specimen in Namibia, but widespread or well-known elsewhere. Crassula grisea Schonland Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Cordia pilosissima Baker BRASSICACEAE Heliophila coronopifolia L. Presence in Namibia needs confirmation. Sisymbrium burchellii DC. var. dinteri (O.E.Schulz) Marais Known from one collection in 1940s. Taxonomically uncertain. Sisymbrium dissitiflorum O.E.Schulz Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Combretum oxystachyum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson -West Combretum schumannii Engl. Has ethnobotanical use. CRASSULACEAE Adromischus schuldtianus (Poelln.) Poelln. subsp. juttae (Poelln.) Toelken Distribution: disjunct Adromischus schuldtianus (Poelln.) Poelln. subsp. schuldtianus Crassula mesembrianthemopsis Dinter -Central, South-West, South- East Collector s item from winter rainfall region. Taxonomically uncertain. Crassula namaquensis Schonland & Baker f. subsp. lutea (Schonland) Toelken Crassula pallens Schonland & Baker f. Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Crassula rudolfii Schonland & Baker f. Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC. -West 88 DATA DEFICIENT

26 Known from only one specimen in Namibia, but widespread Since the specimen was collected in 1957, the area has been transformed. Tylecodon bleckiae G.Will., collection In rock crevices on southwest-facing slopes in shade; confused with T. buchholzianus. Tylecodon pearsonii (Schonland) Toelken Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Tylecodon reticulatus (L.f.) Toelken subsp. reticulatus Known from limited area only. Tylecodon similis (Toelken) Toelken Known from literature, but no specimen. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. CUCURBITACEAE Cucumis humifructus Stent DIOSCOREACEAE Four specimens collected in the 1950s. Widespread or well-known elsewhere. EBENACEAE Diospyros batocana Hiern Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. ERIOSPERMACEAE Eriospermum graniticolum Dinter ex Poelln. Eriospermum namaquanum Marloth ex P.L.Perry Eriospermum parvifolium Jacq. Eriospermum volkmanniae Dinter Dolomite rocks, altitude 1,700 m. Probably more widespread. ERYTHROXYLACEAE Known only from the literature; no specimen. Euphorbia congestiflora L.C.Leach -West Euphorbia ephedroides E.Mey ex Boiss. var. debilis L.C.Leach Euphorbia espinosa Pax Euphorbia fusca Marloth Only known collection from about Taxonomically uncertain. Euphorbia hottentota Marloth Not collected for 70 years, but could be due to confusion with E. virosa and because it is difficult to press. Known from one specimen in Namibia, but widespread or well-known elsewhere. Dioscorea asteriscus Burkill Tuber is eaten, may be undercollected. Known from one specimen in Namibia, but widespread or well-known elsewhere. Dioscorea cochleari-apiculatus De Wild. Known from one specimen in Namibia (1969), but widespread Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) Dur. & Schinz Known from one specimen in Namibia (1959), but widespread Dioscorea elephantipes (L Hér.) Engl. Known from three collections in Namibia only, but widespread Dioscorea hemicrypta Burkill Known from one specimen in Namibia (1988), but widespread Erythroxylum zambesiacum N.Robson EUPHORBIACEAE Bridelia mollis Hutch. Known from one collection only. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Bridelia tenuifolia Mull.Arg. -West Known from two collections only. Croton pseudopulchellus Pax -East Known from one collection only. Euphorbia baliola N.E.Br. Known from type only, collected in Euphorbia benthamii Hiern Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. Threats: Habitat degration Known from very few collections. Euphorbia karroensis (Boiss) N.E.Br. Euphorbia matabelensis Pax Euphorbia pseudoduseimata A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Euphorbia siliciicola Dinter Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Dioscorea hirtiflora Benth. -East, Caprivi Only known from two specimens collected in 1956 and Widespread Dioscorea quartiniana A.Rich. -East Euphorbia brachiata E.Mey. ex Boiss. Euphorbia burmannii E.Mey. ex Boiss. Euphorbia stapelioides Boiss., collection Euphorbia venenata Marloth DATA DEFICIENT 89

27 -Central Euphorbia volkmanniae Dinter Known from two collections in 1925 and 1928 only. Excoecaria bussei (Pax) Pax Known from two collections only in 1969 and Jatropha decumbens Pax & K.Hoffm. -East FABACEAE Acacia hebeclada DC. subsp. chobiensis (O.B.Mill.) A.Schreib. -East Bolusia amboensis (Schinz) Harms -Central, North-East Crotalaria aurea Dinter ex Baker f. Annual on mountain slopes, not collected since 1974 a very good rain year. Crotalaria kurtii Schinz Dalbergia martinii F.White Known from one collection in 1959 only. Dalbergia nitidula Welw. ex Baker Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. Elephantorrhiza goetzei (Harms) Harms subsp. goetzei -East Elephantorrhiza schinziana Dinter -Central Probably confused with E. suffruticosa and may be more widespread. Occurs on upper mountain slopes. Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Indigofera giessii A.Schreib. -Central to East Leaves and seeds used for dye. Lebeckia obovata Schinz Fairly widespread in central parts, but may be misidentified. Lessertia cryptantha Dinter Known from type only; collected in Lotononis linearifolia B.-E.van Wyk Probably overlooked, few disjunct localities known. Lotononis maculata Dummer Poorly known species. Lotononis pallidirosea Dinter & Harms Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Van Meeuwen Tephrosia griseola H.M.L.Forbes -West-Central Tephrosia pallida H.M.L.Forbes -West-Central Known from type specimen only. HYACINTHACEAE Albuca karasbergensis P.E.Glover -Central, Central Known from two very disjunct specimens only. Taxon under revision. Albuca reflexa Dinter & K.Krause -East Lachenalia pearsonii (P.E.Glover) W.F.Barker Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Ledebouria scabrida Jessop Found in two disjunct areas at different times. Probably undercollected. Massonia echinata L.f. Known from one collection only. Neopatersonia falcata G.J.Lewis Known from type and one collection in Ornithogalum apertum (I.Verd.) Oberm. Known from one collection only. Ornithogalum hispidum Hornem. subsp. hispidum Ornithogalum prasinum Lindl. Distribution: East-Central Known from very few specimens. Ornithogalum setifolium Kunth Ornithogalum subcoriaceum L.Bolus Known from one collection only. Ornithogalum tenuifolium F.Delaroche Whiteheadia bifolia (Jacq.) Baker HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis dinteri Nel? -East, Caprivi IRIDACEAE Babiana namaquensis Baker Moraea pallida (L.Bolus) Goldblatt Moraea rigidifolia Goldblatt Known from one site only. LAMIACEAE Aeollanthus namibensis Ryding -West, North-West-Central Probably undercollected; only three localities known. LORANTHACEAE Tapinanthus mollissimus (Engl.) Danser -Central Occurs on various hosts. Not yet confirmed to occur in Namibia. MELIACEAE Entandrophragma caudatum (Sprague) Sprague Only three collections. Entandrophragma spicatum (C.DC.) Sprague Has ethnobotanical use. Known from one specimen in Namibia, but widespread 90 DATA DEFICIENT

28 MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Conophytum marginatum Lavis var. littlewoodii (L.Bolus) Rawe 4 Only found once in the wild to the north end of Goodhouse Poort; exists in cultivation. Conophytum ricardianum Loesch & Tischer subsp. rubiflorum Tischer Conophytum wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. ruschii (Schwantes) S.A.Hammer Dracophilus dealbatus (N.E.Br.) Walgate 3 4 Threats: Habitat degradation, mining, agriculture, collection Dracophilus delaetianus (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes Drosanthemum nordenstamii L.Bolus Eberlanzia cyathiformis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann, collection Eberlanzia ebracteata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann, collection Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Namibia pomonae (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes 3 Known from one locality only. Namibia ponderosa (Dinter & Schwantes) Dinter & Schwantes 3 Psammophora longifolia L.Bolus 3 Restricted distribution with five subpopulations, but may be undercollected. Ruschia namusmontana Friedrich Ruschianthus falcatus L.Bolus Stoeberia carpii Friedrich MOLLUGINACEAE Corbichonia rubriviolacea (Friedrich) Jeffrey -Central, South-East Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq. -West Ficus verruculosa Warb. MORACEAE NYCTAGINACEAE -Central Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Habenaria subarmata Rchb.f. -Central, North-East Flowers are pretty but small. Not collected since Holothrix villosa Lindl. Oxalis extensa Salter Oxalis laxicaulis R.Knuth OXALIDACEAE Oxalis pseudo-cernua R.Knuth POACEAE Dregeochloa pumila (Nees) Conert Eragrostis habrantha Rendle Known from one collection in Widespread or wellknown elsewhere. Eragrostis sclerantha Nees subsp. villosipes (Jedwabn.) Launert Juttadinteria albata L.Bolus 1 4 Threats: Habitat degradation, mining Commicarpus decipiens Meikle Leptochloa uniflora A.Rich. Known from three collections 30 to 40 years ago. Widespread Juttadinteria attenuata Walgate 3 Juttadinteria ausensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes 2 Only recorded once. Juttadinteria elizae (Dinter & A.Berger) L.Bolus 3 Malephora crocea (Jacq.) Schwantes var. purpureo-crocea (Haw.) H.Jacobsen & Schwantes Restricted distribution. ORCHIDACEAE Eulophia fridericii (Rchb.f.) A.V.Hall -East Very rare; little is known about its distribution. Attractive flowers. Last collected in Known from one specimen in Namibia, but widespread or well-known elsewhere. Eulophia schweinfurthii Kraenzl. -East, Caprivi Attractive flower. Not collected after Known from one specimen in Namibia, but widespread or well-known elsewhere. Habenaria rautaneniana Kraenzl. Tetrapogon tenellus (Roxb.) Chiov. -Central Known from four collections in one area only. Widespread POLYGALACEAE Polygala lasiosepala Levyns Protea gaguedi J.F.Gmel. Threats: Harvesting -East PROTEACEAE DATA DEFICIENT 91

29 RUBIACEAE Canthium glaucum Hiern subsp. frangula (S.Moore) Bridson var. frangula Known from three disjunct collections only. Feretia aeruginescens Stapf -East Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Gardenia resiniflua Hiern subsp. resiniflua Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn. subsp. jovis-tonantis (Welw.) Verdc. var. jovis-tonantis Not collected since Kohautia amboensis (Schinz) Bremek. -East SANTALACEAE Thesium megalocarpum A.W.Hill SAPINDACEAE Erythrophysa alata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Hutch. -Central Only three specimens. SCROPHULARIACEAE Alectra pseudobarleriae (Dinter) Dinter Aptosimum albomarginatum Marloth & Engl. Aptosimum glandulosum Weber & Schinz Manulea tenella Hilliard Distribution: East-Central Poorly known, with meagre collections. Taxonomically uncertain. SELAGINACEAE Selago angolensis Rolfe -East Known from one specimen only. Taxonomically uncertain. Selago angustibractea Hilliard Misidentified in the past. May hybridise with S. lepida. Selago centralis Hilliard Known from one collection in 1913 only. Selago dinteri Rolfe subsp. pseudodinteri Hilliard Widespread in Namibia with disjunct distribution. Selago welwitschii Rolfe var. australis Hilliard SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella imbricata (Forssk.) Spring ex Decne. Threats: Damming -West Known from five specimens from one area only. SOLANACEAE Solanum damarense Bitter -West 92 Grewia inaequilatera Garcke Grewia monticola Sond. Known from type or very limited number of specimens only. Grewia pachycalyx K.Schum. Grewia subspathulata N.E.Br. VISCACEAE Viscum dielsianum Dinter ex Neusser Viscum menyharthii Engl. & Schinz -West-Central Woodland and riverine. VITACEAE Cyphostemma bororense (Klotzsch) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. Threats: agriculture Cyphostemma puberulum (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum chrysopteron Retief Palatable. Known from one specimen only, but widespread Aptosimum angustifolium Weber & Schinz A magnificently sized specimen of the widespread Pterocarpus angolensis (Photo: B. Curtis) TILIACEAE Eremothamnus marlothianus is threatened owing to mining. (Photo: G. Williamson) DATA DEFICIENT