Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph (Medit.) – A rare, ephemeral and much decreasing alien. Formerly a rather frequent grain alien in widely scattered locations, known since 1880. At the end of the 19th century locally not rare (particularly in the surroundings of Leuven) and sometimes seen in abundance. Possibly even persisting for some time. Also regularly recorded as a wool alien in the Vesdre valley, at least between 1892 and 1922. Recent records are available from Oud-Turnhout (Opstal) in 1991 in a sand deposit, in 1997 in Turnhout at an unloading quay for cereals and in 2011 near grain mills in the ports of Antwerpen and Gent.
Non-flowering or fruiting specimens of Glaucium corniculatum and Roemeria hybrida, both still occurring as grain aliens, are much alike. However, in the latter leaves are more deeply divided (at least the basal are 2 to 3x pinnately lobed). Also, fruits of Roemeria hybrida have valves with patent hairs while hairs are mostly adpressed in Glaucium corniculatum.
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Selected literature:
Kirkpatrick Z. & Williams J.K. (1998) Glaucium corniculatum (Papaveraceae) in Texas. Sida, Contrib. Bot. 18(1): 347-349.