1 |
Internodes shorter than the leaves |
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1 Galium ceratophylloides |
+ |
Internodes longer than the leaves |
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(2) |
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2 (1) |
Fruit glabrous or granulate |
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(3) |
+ |
Fruit hairy |
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(14) |
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3 (2) |
Fruiting pedicel decurved. Fruit 3-5 mm in diameter |
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(4) |
+ |
Fruiting pedicel ± straight. Fruit less than 3 mm in diameter |
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(5) |
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4 (3) |
Plants glabrous. Fruit smooth or rough but not granulate, often with white sunken hair-like raphide crystals |
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2 Galium kurramensis |
+ |
Plants scabrid Fruit granulate, without sunken hair-like raphide crystals |
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3 Galium tricornutum |
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5 (3) |
Flowering branches leafy (leaves of flowering branches much smaller than the vegetative leaves) |
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(6) |
+ |
Flowering branches not leafy |
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(11) |
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6 (5) |
Inflorescence divaricately branched. Main stem either minutely scabrid, or minutely to strongly scabrid, or angles smooth |
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(7) |
+ |
Inflorescence not divaricately branched. Main stem glabrous |
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(9) |
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7 (6) |
Corolla lobes lanceolate, shortly apiculate. Leaf margins recurved, with antrorsely papiliform teeth |
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4 Galium saturejifolium |
+ |
Corolla lobes ovate, acuminate. Leaves only scabrous above, specially on midrib and margins |
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(8) |
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8 (7) |
Leaves always in a whorl of 4 |
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24 Galium tetraphyllum |
+ |
Leaves in a whorl of 6-8 |
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23 Galium asperifolium |
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9 (6) |
Fruits glabrous-granulate. Pedicel small, always smaller than flower |
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20 Galium acutum |
+ |
Fruits papillose with curved setose hairs. Pedicel elongated always larger than flower |
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(10) |
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10 (9) |
Flowers yellowish brown upon drying. Inflorescence reduced to few flowers. Leaves in approximate whorls of 6, margins scarcely revolute |
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22 Galium campylotrichum |
+ |
Flowers purplish upon drying. Inflorescence not reduced. Leaves in whorls of 6-8, margins revolute |
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21 Galium subfalcatum |
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11 (5) |
Leaves elliptic, lanceolate or oblanceolate, usually obtuse |
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8 Galium spurium |
+ |
Leaves linear, acute or cuspidata |
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(12) |
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12 (11) |
Inflorescence terminal or subterminal. Pedicel c. 2 mm long. Corolla bright yellow. Stem pubescent-glabrate; leaves 8-10 (-12) in a whorl |
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9 Galium verum |
+ |
Inflorescence axillary and terminal. Pedicel 3-5 mm long. Corolla usually white. Stem minutely scabrid; leaves 6 in a whorl |
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(13) |
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13 (12) |
Cymes 5-8 cm long, laxly divaricately branched. Fruit c. 1-1.5 mm across, smooth, mericarps mostly free |
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10 Galium tenuissimum |
+ |
Cymes 2-3 cm long, forked. Fruit 2-2.5 mm across, covered with white sunken hair like markings, mericarps not free |
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11 Galium chitralensis |
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14 (2) |
Leaves trinerved beneath |
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(15) |
+ |
Leaves not trinerved |
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(17) |
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15 (14) |
Upper surface of the Leaves hairy or pubescent Leaves ovate-obovate or elliptic |
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(16) |
+ |
Upper surface of the leaves glabrous. Leaves lanceolate |
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12 Galium boreale |
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16 (15) |
Fruit covered with soft whitish hooked hairs. Leaves 10-30 x 5-15 mm, villous, pubescent beneath |
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13 Galium elegans |
+ |
Fruit with short compressed hairs. Leaves 6-9 x 3-5 mm, covered on nerves with hooked hairs |
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7 Galium stewartii |
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17 (14) |
Leaves 4 in a whorl. Fruit covered with dense long woolly straight hairs |
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14 Galium serpylloides |
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Leaves (4-) 6-8 (-10). Fruit covered with hooked bristles |
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(18) |
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18 (17) |
Branches filiform. Fruit c. 1 mm in diameter |
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(19) |
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Branches not filiform. Fruit 2 or more than 2 mm in diameter |
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(20) |
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19 (18) |
Fruit with few short hooked hairs. Corolla shortly apiculate or muticous |
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15 Galium decaisnei |
+ |
Fruit covered with long hooked hairs. Corolla lobes acute or cuspidate |
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16 Galium setaceum |
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20 (18) |
Inflorescence terminal or subterminal |
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17 Galium asperuloides |
+ |
Inflorescence axillary and terminal |
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(21) |
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21 (20) |
Bracts foliaceous. lorescence paniculate. Stem and leaves usually laxly covered with long weak hairs |
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18 Galium hirtiflorum |
+ |
Bracts not foliaceous. Inflorescence 1-3 flowered cyme. Stem and leaves not covered with long, weak hairs |
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(22) |
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22 (21) |
Inflorescence more than 1-flowered |
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19 Galium aparine |
+ |
Inflorescence 1-flowered |
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(23) |
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23 (22) |
Stem unbranched, ± filiform. Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate |
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5 Galium pauciflorum |
+ |
Stem branched, quadrangular. Leaves oblanceolate-lanceolate |
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6 Galium ibicinum |